Psicoprofilaxis quirúrgica audiovisual en cirugía general pediátrica: ¿podemos disminuir la ansiedad del niño y de su familia? / Psychoprophylaxis in elective paediatric general surgery: does audiovisual tools improve the perioperative anxiety in children and their families?

RESUMEN

Objetivos. La cirugía supone una experiencia traumática tanto para el niño como para su familia. Recientemente se han diseñado estrategias audiovisuales en nuestro Servicio para tratar de disminuir la ansiedad vinculada a la intervención quirúrgica. Nuestro objetivo es analizar si la psicoprofilaxis audiovisual reduce los niveles de ansiedad derivados del evento quirúrgico. Material y métodos. Estudio prospectivo aleatorizado en niños intervenidos en el Servicio de Cirugía Pediátrica (4-15 años). Se excluyeron pacientes con antecedentes quirúrgicos, patología grave o procedimientos de Urgencia. La aleatorización en casos-controles fue realizada mediante sistema par-impar. Los casos visualizaron el vídeo antes del ingreso bajo supervisión médica. Se realizó la evaluación de los niveles de ansiedad estado y ansiedad rasgo mediante test autocompletables (STAI-Y1,STAI-Y2,STAI-C, test EVA en 6 años (26,84 vs 32,96), siendo esta diferencia estadísticamente significativa (p < 0,05). Conclusiones. El uso de la psicoprofilaxis prequirúrgica mediante herramientas audiovisuales disminuye la ansiedad de forma clínicamente relevante tanto en los niños como en sus familias de manera sencilla y fácilmente reproducible. Nuestros resultados coinciden con los reportados en la literatura y consideramos esta herramienta beneficiosa para el núcleo familiar (AU)

ABSTRACT

Aim of the study. Surgery is considered a stressful experience for children and their families who undergo elective procedures. Different tools have been developed to improve perioperative anxiety. Our objective is to demonstrate if the audiovisual psychoprophylaxis reduces anxiety linked to paediatric surgery. Methods. A randomized prospective case-control study was carried out in children aged 4-15 who underwent surgery in a Paediatric Surgery Department. We excluded patients with surgical backgrounds, sever illness or non-elective procedures. Simple randomization was performed and cases watched a video before being admitted, under medical supervision. Trait and state anxiety levels were measured using the STAI-Y2, STAI-Y2, STAI-C tests and VAS in children under 6-years-old, at admission and discharge. Main results. 100 patients (50 cases/50 controls) were included, mean age at diagnosis was 7.98 and 7.32 respectively. Orchiopexy was the most frequent surgery performed in both groups. Anxiety state levels from parents were lower in the Cases Group (36.06 vs 39.93 p= 0.09 in fathers, 38.78 vs 40.34 p= 0.43 in mothers). At discharge, anxiety levels in children aged > 6 were statistically significant among cases (26.84 vs 32.96, p < 0.05) Conclusions. The use of audiovisual psychoprophylaxis tools shows a clinically relevant improvement in perioperative anxiety, both in children and their parents. Our results are similar to those reported by other authors supporting these tools as beneficial strategy for the family (AU)