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Prevención integral de la obesidad y sobrepeso en niños preescolares / Integral prevention of obesity and overweight in preschool children
Cid París, E; Alija Merillas, MJ; Arriola Pereda, G; Galicia Poblet, G.
Affiliation
  • Cid París, E; Hospital Universitario de Guadalajara. Servicio de Pediatría. Guadalajara. España
  • Alija Merillas, MJ; Hospital Universitario de Guadalajara. Servicio de Pediatría. Guadalajara. España
  • Arriola Pereda, G; Hospital Universitario de Guadalajara. Servicio de Pediatría. Guadalajara. España
  • Galicia Poblet, G; Hospital Universitario de Guadalajara. Servicio de Pediatría. Guadalajara. España
Acta pediatr. esp ; 75(11/12): e185-e194, nov.-dic. 2017. graf
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-170220
Responsible library: ES1.1
Localization: BNCS
RESUMEN

Introducción:

La prevención del sobrepeso y la obesidad infantil se debe anticipar al rebote adiposo y comenzar lo antes posible.

Objetivos:

Evaluar la eficacia de un programa de prevención precoz del sobrepeso y la obesidad infantil, aplicado a una edad temprana. Material y

métodos:

Estudio piloto, de 3 años de duración (2011-2014), en una cohorte única con abordaje familiar mediante un diseño cuasi experimental (pre-post).

Resultados:

Muestra de 52 niños, de ambos sexos, con edades comprendidas entre los 2 y los 5 años, escolarizados en Guadalajara. Desciende el porcentaje de niños con exceso de peso al final del estudio (19,2%) y revaloración (13,5%) con respecto al inicio (21,1%). Aumentan los desayunos equilibrados a diario y los tentempiés a media mañana y merienda. Asciende el consumo de fruta de postre a media mañana y merienda, así como la ensalada de guarnición. Disminuye el consumo de dulces, batidos, zumos artificiales y picoteo entre horas. Se incrementan los desayunos y las cenas en familia los días festivos. Aumenta el ejercicio físico extraescolar sin cambios en el sedentarismo. Se incrementa el deporte en familia tras la intervención.

Conclusiones:

Se constata una mejora en los hábitos de vida, que se mantiene en el tiempo. Debido a los buenos resultados conseguidos, y teniendo en cuenta los pocos estudios que existen en niños tan pequeños, nuestro estudio piloto podría sentar las bases de otros ensayos con mayor tamaño muestral, que tuviesen como objetivo la prevención precoz de esta enfermedad (AU)
ABSTRACT

Introduction:

The prevention of overweight and childhood obesity should be anticipated to adipose rebound and it should start as soon as possible.

Objectives:

To evaluate the effectiveness of an intervention program on early prevention of childhood overweight and obesity, applied at an early age. Materials and

methods:

A pilot study, three year-long (2011-2014), in single cohort with family approach through a quasiexperimental design (pre-post).

Results:

Sample of 52 children 2-5 years-old, of both genders, attending a school of Guadalajara. It was observed a fall in the percentage of overweight children at the end of the study (19.2%) and at re-evaluation (13.5%) from the baseline (21.1%). They increase balanced breakfasts daily and mid-morning snacks and afternoon snacks. It is risen the consumption of fruit for dessert, mid-morning snack and afternoon snack; as well as the salad as garnish. It is reduced, the consumption of sweets, shakes and artificial juices, as well as snacking between hours. Breakfasts and dinners are increased in families on holidays. It is increased the out-of-school physical exercise without changes in physical inactivity. Family sport increases after the intervention.

Conclusions:

After our intervention, it was observed an improvement in healthy lifestyles, which was maintained with time. Due to the good results achieved and taking into account the few existing studies involving children so small, this study could open the way for other studies with larger sample amounts, which aimed for the earlier prevention of this disease (AU)
Subject(s)
Full text: Available Collection: National databases / Spain Health context: Sustainable Health Agenda for the Americas / SDG3 - Health and Well-Being Health problem: Goal 9: Noncommunicable diseases and mental health / Target 3.4: Reduce premature mortality due to noncommunicable diseases Database: IBECS Main subject: Overweight / Exercise Therapy / Pediatric Obesity / Healthy Lifestyle / Diet, Healthy Limits: Child, preschool / Female / Humans / Male Language: Spanish Journal: Acta pediatr. esp Year: 2017 Document type: Article Institution/Affiliation country: Hospital Universitario de Guadalajara/España
Full text: Available Collection: National databases / Spain Health context: Sustainable Health Agenda for the Americas / SDG3 - Health and Well-Being Health problem: Goal 9: Noncommunicable diseases and mental health / Target 3.4: Reduce premature mortality due to noncommunicable diseases Database: IBECS Main subject: Overweight / Exercise Therapy / Pediatric Obesity / Healthy Lifestyle / Diet, Healthy Limits: Child, preschool / Female / Humans / Male Language: Spanish Journal: Acta pediatr. esp Year: 2017 Document type: Article Institution/Affiliation country: Hospital Universitario de Guadalajara/España
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