Risk factors for acute coronary syndrome - systematic review of the literature

ABSTRACT

Introduction: Acute Coronary Syndrome (ACS) is a cardiovascular emergency with high morbidity and mortality rates. The objective of this study is to evaluate the evolutionary trend of modifiable and non-modifiable risk factors for ACS. Methodology: The Cochrane methodology was applied. We included studies that evaluated risk factors, electrocardiographic and clinical presentation of ACS. Two independent reviewers performed the critical evaluation, data extraction and synthesis. Results: We included 32 observational studies (n = 1299381), from the American, African, Asian, European and Oceanian continents, since 1994 to 2014. It was verified that there are no significant changes in the prevalence of risk factors Age and Gender, with age > 65 years exceeding 50% in only 2 of the 10 studies that looked at this variable. The most prevalent gender is male (> 60%) and family his-tory shows an increase in percentage with the course of the studies. Discussion: Modifiable risk factors go through the timeline with some homogeneity, with hypertension being the most prevailing, followed by smoking, dyslipidemia and Diabetes Mellitus. Smoking tends to be more frequent in younger patients, and hypertension, dyslipidemia and diabetes mellitus are more frequent in the elderly patients. Obesity is the risk factor least prevailing and also the least studied. Conclusions: All the 32 studies present very similar results, regardless of the date of data collection and the region/country where the data was collected, showing a clear cause-effect relationship between these risk factors and ACS

RESUMEN

No disponible