El impacto de los factores socio-laborales sobre la salud, el consumo de hipnosedantes y adictivos en España / The impact of socio-labor factors on health, the consumption of hypnosedatives and addictives in Spain

RESUMEN

OBJETIVO: Identificar patrones de salud (general y mental) y de consumo (hipnosedantes y sustancias adictivas) en el medio laboral según factores socio-laborales estratificados por sexo. MÉTODOS: Estudio transversal con una muestra representativa de la población activa española (nº = 12.260) correspondiente a la Encuesta Nacional de Salud de 2017. Se estimaron a través de modelos de regresión logística las odds ratio ajustadas (ORa) por variables sociodemográficas y sus correspondientes intervalos de confianza del 95% (IC95%). RESULTADOS: Se identificaron dos patrones. Por un lado, las personas desempleadas refirieron un peor estado de salud autopercibido [(ORa=0,61;IC95%0,45-0,83;para los hombre(H);Ora = 0 ,65;IC 95% 0,45-0,94;para las mujeres (M)], mayor prevalencia de depresión [Ora = 4,19; IC 95% 2,15-8,16(H); Ora = 1,83; IC 95% 1,05-3,21(M)], consumo de tranquilizantes [Ora = 2,21;IC 95%1,29-3,77(H); Ora = 1,83; IC 95% 1,02-3,32(M)] y de tabaco [Ora = 1,66;IC95% 1,28-2,16(H)] que los/as empresarios/as. Por otro lado, los/as directivos/as refirieron mayor estrés laboral que los/as técnicos/as no cualificados/as [Ora = 0,50; IC 95% 0,38-0,66(H); Ora = 0,64; IC 95% 0,50-0,84(M)] y de consumo de alcohol [ORa=0,54;IC95%0,41-0,70(H); Ora = 0,43; IC 95% 0,34-0,55(M)]. CONCLUSIÓN: Los resultados muestran diferentes patrones que pueden servir para la puesta en marcha programas preventivos

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: To identify patterns of health (general and mental) and consumption (hypnotics and addictive substances) in the workplace, according to socio-labor factors stratified by sex. METHODS: Cross-sectional study with a representative sample of the Spanish Active Population (nº=12,260), corresponding to the National Health Survey of 2017. The adjusted odds ratios (ORa) by sociodemographic variables were estimated through logistic regression models, and their corresponding 95% confidence intervals (95% CI). RESULTS: Two patterns were identified. On the one hand, unemployed people reported a worse self-perceived state of health [(Ora = 0.61; 95% CI 0.45-0.83; for men(H); Ora = 0.65; 95% CI 0,45-0.94; for women(M)], higher prevalence of depression [Ora = 4.19;95%CI2.15-8.16(H); Ora = 1.83; 95% CI 1,05-3.21(M)], tranquilizer consumption [Ora = 2.21; 95% CI 1.29-3.77 (H); Ora = 1.83; 95% CI 1.02-3, 32 (M)], and tobacco [Ora = 1.66; 95% CI 1.28-2.16 (H)] than the businessmen. On the other hand, the managers referred more occupational stress than unskilled technicians [Ora = 0.50; 95% CI 0.38-0.66(H); Ora = 0.64; 95% CI 0.50-0.84(M)] and alcohol consumption [ORa = 0.54; 95% CI 0.41-0.70(H); Ora = 0.43; 95%;CI 0.34-0.55 (M)]. CONCLUSION: The results show different patterns that can be used to start preventive programs