México con mayor riesgo ante el COVID-19, factores de riesgo que pueden aumentar la ECA2 / Mexico with high prevalence of chronic-degenerative diseases and riskfactors that favor the development of COVID-19

RESUMEN

INTRODUCCIÓN: La enfermedad COVID-19 causada por el virus SARS-CoV-2 ha infectado a casi 75 millones de personas en todo el mundo y causando más de 1 millón 680 mil muertes en 191 países (Diciembre 2020). En México con más de 1,300,000 casos y 115,000 muertes por COVID-19, se tienen que tomar medidas adecuadas para prevenir contagios y complicaciones mayores, son indispensables para el sistema de salud en México. OBJETIVO: Identificar factores de riesgo que puedan ser característicos de México y contribuyen a un mayor riesgo ante el COVID-19. Generar conciencia y comprensión de estos factores de riesgo como problema de la Salud Publica. Materiales y Métodos. Se realizó una revisión de artículos indexados de 8 meses relacionados a COVID-19 y SARS-CoV-2, así como los datos de la ENSANUT2018-México. RESULTADOS: Las enfermedades crónico-degenerativas favorecen la expresión de la enzima convertidora de angiotensina 2 (ECA2), por lo tanto, la ECA2 aumenta el riesgo ante el COVID-19 en este tipo de pacientes en México. CONCLUSIONES: El incremento de la ECA2 en la membrana celular está favorecido por el desarrollo de enfermedades como diabetes, hipertensión, factores de riesgo (sobrepeso, obesidad, tabaquismo), así como el uso de medicamentos anti-hipertensivos. Es necesario tomar medidas preventivas en diversos ámbitos, con el objetivo de disminuir este tipo de enfermedades y concientizar al sistema de salud de la importancia que tiene la ECA2 como factor de riesgo ante el COVID-19

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: The COVID-19 disease caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus has infected almost 75 million people worldwide and causing more than 1,680,000 deaths in 191 countries (December 2020). In Mexico with more than 1,300,000 cases and 115,000 deaths from COVID-19, adequate measures must be taken to prevent contagions and major complications, they are essential for the health system in Mexico. OBJECTIVE: Identify risk factors that may be characteristic of Mexico and contribute to a higher risk before COVID-19. Generate awareness and understanding of these risk factors as a Public Health problem. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A review of articles indexed in PubMed and Redalyc was carried out between the months (December 2019 - July 2020), using the keywords "COVID-19, ACE2, Risk factor, Chronic-degenerative diseases, Mexico, Obesity, Overweight", in the 39 articles were reviewed with two or more keywords as inclusion criteria, as well as 4 specific reports of the prevalence of chronic degenerative diseases and risk factors from Mexico (ENSANUT 2012, 2016, 2018 and OECD-Health at a Glance 2019). RESULTS: Chronic-degenerative diseases could favor the expression of angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), therefore, increased ACE2 expression increases the risk of COVID-19 in this type of patient in Mexico. CONCLUSIONS: The increase in ACE2 in the cell membrane is favored by the development of diseases such as diabetes, hypertension, risk factors (overweight, obesity, smoking), as well as the use of anti-hypertensive drugs. It is necessary for the health system in Mexico to develop preventive measures in various areas, with the aim of reducing this type of diseases and risk factors to prevent the development of COVID-19