Percepción de estudiantes de Enfermería sobre la adquisición de habilidades clínicas en tiempos de COVID-19 / Perception by Nursing students about clinical skill acquisition in times of COVID-19

RESUMEN

Objetivo: identificar la percepción que tienen los estudiantes de Enfermería sobre la adquisición de habilidades clínicas durante la pandemia por COVID-19 y analizar si está asociada con el semestre que están cursando y con haber realizado práctica clínica en escenarios reales. Método: se llevó a cabo un estudio descriptivo transversal con estudiantes de Enfermería de una universidad pública de Zacatecas, México (N= 1.033). Se administró vía electrónica el segundo apartado del cuestionario Clinical Competency Questionnaire traducido al español con un alfa de Cronbach= 0,969. Se analizó la asociación de las habilidades clínicas con el semestre cursado y la experiencia mediante la prueba de Chi cuadrado con una significancia estadística de p≤ 0,05. Resultados: respondieron un total de N= 82 estudiantes. La media de edad fue de 20,7 (DE1,40), el 87,8% era mujer en su mayoría del séptimo semestre (40,2%). Un 50% se percibió con habilidades clínicas deficientes; un 34,1%, sin habilidades clínicas y un 15,9%, con habilidades clínicas competentes. Los estudiantes de quinto semestre se percibieron con menores habilidades clínicas (p= 0,006), al igual que aquellos que no habían cursado práctica clínica antes de la pandemia (p= 0,005). Conclusiones: a partir de la pandemia, las habilidades en la práctica clínica son percibidas como nulas o deficientes por los estudiantes de Enfermería, por lo que se requiere implementar cambios en la metodología de enseñanza-aprendizaje, transitar a un modelo híbrido e integrador con intervenciones educativas efectivas y que demuestren el desarrollo de los dominios en este tipo de habilidades para cumplir con el perfil de egreso planteado.(AU)

ABSTRACT

Objective: to understand the perception by Nursing students about the acquisition of clinical skills during the COVID-19 pandemic, and to analyse if this is associated with the semester they are currently taking and with conducting clinical practice in real settings. Method: a cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted with Nursing students from a public university in Zacatecas, Mexico (N= 1,033). The second section of the Clinical Competency Questionnaire in its Spanish translation was administered online, with Cronbach’s alpha= 0.969. The association between the clinical skills and the semester studied and experience was analysed through Chi-squared test withp≤ 0.05 as statistical significance. Results: in total, N= 82 students participated. Their mean age was 20.7 (SD1.40), 87.8% were female, and the majority were in their seventh semester (40.2%). 50% of them perceived that their clinical skills were poor, 34.1% stated they had no clinical skills, and 15.9% perceived that their clinical skills were proficient. Students in their fifth semester perceived their clinical skills as lower (p= 0.006), as well as those who had not had any clinical practice before the pandemic (p= 0.005). Conclusions: after the pandemic, clinical practice skills are perceived as non-existent or poor by Nursing students; therefore, it is necessary to implement changes in the teaching-learning methodology, to move to a hybrid and inclusive model with effective educational interventions which demonstrate the development of domains in this type of skills, in order to meet the proposed profile of graduation.