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Valproate, obesity and other causes of clozapine poor metabolism in the context of rapid titration may explain clozapine-induced myocarditis: A re-analysis of a Turkish case series / El valproato, la obesidad y otras causas de metabolismo deficiente de la clozapina en el contexto de una titulación rápida de las dosis pueden explicar la miocarditis inducida por clozapina: un nuevo análisis de una serie de casos turca
Ertuğrul, Aygün; Yağcıoğlu, A. Elif Anıl; Ağaoğlu, Esen; Alp Karakaşlı, Ahmet; Ak, Sertaç; Yazıcı, M. Kâzım; Leon, Jose de.
Affiliation
  • Ertuğrul, Aygün; Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine. Department of Psychiatry. Ankara. Turkey
  • Yağcıoğlu, A. Elif Anıl; Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine. Department of Psychiatry. Ankara. Turkey
  • Ağaoğlu, Esen; Dörtyol State Hospital. Department of Psychiatry. Hatay. Turkey
  • Alp Karakaşlı, Ahmet; Hitit University Faculty of Medicine. Department of Psychiatry. Çorum. Turkey
  • Ak, Sertaç; Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine. Department of Psychiatry. Ankara. Turkey
  • Yazıcı, M. Kâzım; Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine. Department of Psychiatry. Ankara. Turkey
  • Leon, Jose de; Eastern State Hospital. University of the Basque Country. Santiago Apóstol Hospital. Lexington. USA
Rev. psiquiatr. salud ment. (Barc., Ed. impr.) ; 15(4): 281-286, oct.-dic. 2022. tab
Article in English | IBECS | ID: ibc-213122
Responsible library: ES1.1
Localization: ES15.1 - BNCS
ABSTRACT

Introduction:

Clozapine-induced myocarditis or any clozapine-induced inflammation may be a hypersensitivity reaction due to titration that was too rapid for the patient's clozapine metabolism. Clozapine metabolism is influenced by ancestry, sex, smoking and the presence of confounders including obesity, infections, and inhibitors (e.g., valproate) causing the patient to behave as a clozapine poor metabolizer (PM). A published study in a Turkish hospital identified 1 case of clozapine-induced pancreatitis and hepatitis and 9 cases of clozapine-induced myocarditis. To explore the hypothesis that the 10 patients were clozapine PMs, their serum clozapine concentrations were investigated using concentration-to-dose (C/D) ratios and their titrations carefully reviewed.

Methods:

Dividing the trough serum concentration by the dose produces the clozapine C/D ratio. The dose required to reach 350ng/ml was considered the minimum therapeutic dosage and was used to classify patients according to clozapine PM status. Titration speed was assessed.

Results:

All 10 patients were possibly clozapine PMs (3 of them had as minimum therapeutic doses 72, 82 or 83mg/day). Nine of the 10 patients may have behaved as clozapine PMs due to obesity and/or valproate co-prescription during titration. One also had an undiagnosed infection. Of the 10 patients, 9 had at least 1 of 3 factors too-rapid titration in the first or second weeks, or a final dosage that was too high.

Conclusions:

Future studies using clozapine levels and considering the role of clozapine PM status should explore whether or not all cases of clozapine-induced inflammation could be explained by lack of individualized titration. (AU)
RESUMEN

Introducción:

Cualquier inflamación inducida por la clozapina, incluida la miocarditis, podría ser una reacción de hipersensibilidad asociada a una titulación demasiado rápida de del fármaco para el metabolismo del paciente. El metabolismo de la clozapina está influenciado por la ascendencia, el sexo, el tabaquismo, y por la presencia de factores de confusión como obesidad, infecciones e inhibidores, como el valproato, que hacen que el paciente se comporte como un metabolizador lento (PM). Un estudio publicado identificó un caso de pancreatitis y hepatitis, y 9 casos de miocarditis inducidos por clozapina. Para explorar la hipótesis de que los 10 pacientes eran PM de clozapina, se investigaron sus concentraciones séricas de clozapina utilizando relaciones concentración/dosis (C/D) y revisando sus titulaciones.

Métodos:

La dosis necesaria para alcanzar 350ng/ml se consideró la dosis terapéutica mínima y clasificó a los pacientes según el estado de PM de clozapina. Se evaluó la velocidad de titulación.

Resultados:

Los 10 pacientes eran posiblemente PM de clozapina (3 tenían dosis terapéuticas mínimas 72, 82 u 83mg/día). Nueve pacientes pueden haberse comportado como PM de clozapina debido a obesidad y/o prescripción conjunta de valproato durante la titulación. Uno también tenía una infección no diagnosticada. Nueve de los 10 pacientes tenían al menos uno de los 3 factores siguientes titulación demasiado rápida en la primera o segunda semana, o una dosis final excesiva.

Conclusiones:

Futuros estudios que utilicen niveles de clozapina y consideren el PM deberían explorar si la inflamación inducida por clozapina podría explicarse por la falta de titulaciones individualizadas. (AU)
Subject(s)

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Collection: National databases / Spain Database: IBECS Main subject: Clozapine / Myocarditis Limits: Humans Country/Region as subject: Asia Language: English Journal: Rev. psiquiatr. salud ment. (Barc., Ed. impr.) Year: 2022 Document type: Article Institution/Affiliation country: Dörtyol State Hospital/Turkey / Eastern State Hospital/USA / Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine/Turkey / Hitit University Faculty of Medicine/Turkey
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Collection: National databases / Spain Database: IBECS Main subject: Clozapine / Myocarditis Limits: Humans Country/Region as subject: Asia Language: English Journal: Rev. psiquiatr. salud ment. (Barc., Ed. impr.) Year: 2022 Document type: Article Institution/Affiliation country: Dörtyol State Hospital/Turkey / Eastern State Hospital/USA / Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine/Turkey / Hitit University Faculty of Medicine/Turkey
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