Factores asociados a la anemia en gestantes de un centro de salud de Lima Metropolitana / Factors associated with anemia in pregnant women at a health center in Metropolitan Lima

RESUMEN

Fundamentos El embarazo representa un período de gran vulnerabilidad desde el punto de vista de la salud,principalmente si se padece de anemia, que es multifactorial. La anemia en gestantes en Perú permanece sinmayores cambios durante los últimos años.Métodos: Estudio transversal, observacional y correlacional, efectuado en 125 gestantes asistentes a uncentro de salud del primer nivel de atención en una zona periurbana de Lima. Se analizaron factoressociodemográficos de la gestante, factores socioeconómicos del hogar, factores alimentario - nutricionales yfactores del sistema de salud relacionados con anemia en gestantes sin anemia, anemia leve y anemiamoderada.Resultados: el 92,5% de las gestantes tenían entre nivel educativo secundario a superior, la mitad de ellastenía algún nivel de pobreza económica. Respecto a las necesidades básicas insatisfechas, se encontróque hogares sin desagüe de ningún tipo tuvo relación significativa con anemia. Por otro lado, la mayoríareconocía correctamente los alimentos fuente de hierro y que las menestras debían combinarse con algúnalimento cárnico o con alimentos fuente de vitamina C. Se halló relación entre consumo de menestras convísceras, con pescado y con alimentos fuente de carotenos, con infusiones y entre bebidas industrializadas ycomida rápida. No se halló relación entre los otros factores con anemia.Conclusiones: Algunos factores alimentarios y socioeconómicos se relacionaron con anemia en las gestantesparticipantes. Es indispensable mejorar el sistema de desagüe en los hogares y continuar con difundirinformación sobre alimentación saludable.(AU)

ABSTRACT

Background: Pregnancy represents a period of great vulnerability from a health point of view, mainly if yousuffer from anemia, which is multifactorial. Anemia in pregnant women in Peru remains without majorchanges in recent years.Methods: Cross-sectional, observational and correlational study, carried out on 125 pregnant womenattending a primary care health center in a peri-urban area of Lima. Sociodemographic factors of the pregnantwoman, socioeconomic factors of the home, food-nutritional factors and health system factors related toanemia were investigated in pregnant women without anemia, mild anemia and moderate anemia.Results: 92.5% of the pregnant women had a secondary to higher educational level, half of them had somelevel of economic poverty. Regarding unsatisfied basic needs, it was found that homes without drainage ofany kind had a significant relationship with anemia. On the other hand, the majority correctly recognized thefoods that were sources of iron and that the stews should be combined with some meat food or with foodsthat were a source of vitamin C. A relationship was found between the consumption of stews with organmeats, with fish and with foods that were sources of carotenes, with infusions and between industrializeddrinks and fast food. No relationship was found between the other factors and anemia.Conclusions: Some dietary and socioeconomic factors were related to anemia in the participating pregnantwomen. It is essential to improve the drainage system in homes and continue to disseminate informationabout healthy eating.(AU)