Displasia mesenquimal placentaria / Placental mesenchymal dysplasia

RESUMEN

La displasia mesenquimal placentaria (DMP) es una anomalía vascular que presenta una baja incidencia (0,02%) y se caracteriza por una placentomegalia con múltiples vesículas en grano de uva en el examen ecográfico. El diagnóstico diferencial principal es la mola hidatiforme parcial, pero la DMP coexiste con feto viable. Se asocia a crecimiento intauterino restringido (CIR), muerte fetal y, en el 30% de los casos, síndrome de Beckwith-Wiedemann. El diagnóstico de sospecha de la DMP es ecográfico, pero el diagnóstico definitivo lo dará el estudio anatomopatológico. Presentamos 2 casos de DMP, cuyo diagnóstico no se realizó hasta el análisis histológico, que cursaron con resultados perinatales diferentes, así como una revisión bibliográfica de la displasia mesenquimal placentaria (AU)

ABSTRACT

Placental mesenchymal dysplasia (PMD) is a vascular abnormality with a very low incidence (0.02%) that is characterized by placentomegaly with multiple grapelike vesicles on ultrasound examination. The main differential diagnosis of PMD is partial hydatidiform mole. However, in contrast to a partial mole, PMD can coexist with a viable fetus. PMD is associated with fetal growth restriction, fetal demise and Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome in 30% of cases. The suspected diagnosis is based on ultrasound examination, but the final diagnosis of PMD is made by histological analysis. We present two cases of PMD which were diagnosed at necroscopy and which had distinct outcomes. A literature review of placental mesenchymal dysplasia is also provided (AU)