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Actividad prefrontal y alcoholismo de fin de semana en jóvenes / Prefrontal activity and weekend alcoholism in young
García-Moreno, Luis Miguel; Expósito, Javier; Sanhueza, claudia; Angulo, M Teresa.
Affiliation
  • García-Moreno, Luis Miguel; Universidad Complutense de Madrid. Madrid. España
  • Expósito, Javier; Universidad Complutense de Madrid. Madrid. España
  • Sanhueza, claudia; Universidad Complutense de Madrid. Madrid. España
  • Angulo, M Teresa; Universidad Complutense de Madrid. Escuela Universitaria de Enfermería, Fisioterapia y Podología. Madrid. España
Adicciones (Palma de Mallorca) ; 20(3): 271-280, jul.-sept. 2008. ilus
Article in Es | IBECS | ID: ibc-67644
Responsible library: ES15.1
Localization: ES15.1 - BNCS
RESUMEN
Antecedentes. El consumo elevado de alcohol por parte de jóvenes durante el fin de semana se está convirtiendo en un problema social y familiar importante pero también en un problema de salud considerable. El consumo abusivo ocasiona daños en el cerebro pero con diferente distribución, ya que la corteza prefrontal (CP) es una de las regiones que resulta más afectada. Objetivos. Hay numerosos estudios sobre los efectos del consumo crónico de alcohol. Nuestro objetivo es determinarlos déficits neuropsicológicos en la actividad prefrontal ocasionados por el consumo abusivo de alcohol de manera intermitente en adolescentes. Método. Se realizó una evaluación neuropsicológica a los sujetos para valorar su rendimiento en diversas tareas que implican a la CP. Participaron 62 sujetos (edad media 18.82±1.099) distribuidos en tres grupos 1) Jóvenes que consumían alcohol de manera abusiva durante los fines de semana (ALE); 2) Jóvenes que consumían más moderadamente durante los fines de semana (ALM); y 3) Jóvenes que no consumían alcohol (CTR). Resultados y Conclusiones. Los resultados indican que el consumo abusivo intermitente de alcohol por parte de jóvenes, tanto de manera elevada como moderada, provoca un peor rendimiento en tareas neuropsicológicas como Dígitos, Corsi o Stroop, las cuales dependen de un correcto funcionamiento de la CP. Nuestros resultados apoyan la idea de que este patrón de consumo provoca un deterioro neurocognitivo y neuroconductual similar en muchos aspectos al observado en bebedores crónicos. Además, el consumo abusivo de fin de semana por parte de adolescentes y jóvenes incrementa el riesgo de desarrollar dependencia alcohólica y otras patologías en etapas posteriores de la vida
ABSTRACT
Background. High alcohol consumption by young people at weekends is a public health problem of considerable social and family importance. Chronic alcohol intake causes structural changes in the central nervous system, though the effects are not uniform throughout the brain. The prefrontal cortex (PC) has been reported to be one of the regions most sensitive to prolonged alcohol ingestion. Objectives. The effects of chronic ethanol exposure have been extensively studied. Our aim is to identify the neuropsychological deficits in PC function induced by intermittent heavy alcohol drinking in young adults. Methods. Neuropsychological assessment was carried out on participants to examine their performance in PC-dependent tasks. 62 subjects (mean age 18.82±1.099) were assigned toone of three categories 1) Those reporting heavy binge drinking of alcohol at weekends (ALE); 2) Those reporting moderate binge drinking of alcohol at weekends (ALM); and 3) Those reporting no alcohol intake (CTR). Results and Conclusions. The findings indicate that intermittent alcohol binge dr inking, either heavy or moderate, in young people results in poorer performance in neuropsychological tasks such as Digits, Corsi or Stroop, which depend on correct PC functioning. Our results support the claim that the binge pattern of exposure to ethanol leads to neurocognitive and neurobehavioural impairment equivalent, in many respects, to that found inchronic drinkers. Moreover, intermittent heavy alcohol drinking in adolescence and early adulthood increases the risks of lifetime alcohol dependence and other psychopathologies
Subject(s)
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Collection: National databases / Spain Health context: SDG3 - Health and Well-Being / SDG3 -Target 3.5 Prevention and treatment of consumption of psychoactive substances Health problem: Target 3.5: Prevention and treatment of consumption of psychoactive substances / Alcohol Database: IBECS Main subject: Alcohol Drinking / Prefrontal Cortex / Alcoholism Type of study: Prognostic study Limits: Adolescent / Adult / Female / Humans / Male Country/Region as subject: Europa Language: Spanish Journal: Adicciones (Palma de Mallorca) Year: 2008 Document type: Article Institution/Affiliation country: Universidad Complutense de Madrid/España
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Collection: National databases / Spain Health context: SDG3 - Health and Well-Being / SDG3 -Target 3.5 Prevention and treatment of consumption of psychoactive substances Health problem: Target 3.5: Prevention and treatment of consumption of psychoactive substances / Alcohol Database: IBECS Main subject: Alcohol Drinking / Prefrontal Cortex / Alcoholism Type of study: Prognostic study Limits: Adolescent / Adult / Female / Humans / Male Country/Region as subject: Europa Language: Spanish Journal: Adicciones (Palma de Mallorca) Year: 2008 Document type: Article Institution/Affiliation country: Universidad Complutense de Madrid/España
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