Control de la presión arterial en una población hipertensa diabética asistida en atención primaria. «Estudio PRESCAP-Diabetes» / Blood pressure control in a diabetic hypertensive population attended in primary care setting. “PRESCAP-Diabetes study”

RESUMEN

Objetivos: Conocer el grado de control de la PA en una amplia muestra de pacientes hipertensos diabéticos atendidos en atención primaria, y determinar los factores asociados al mal control tensional. Material y métodos: Estudio transversal y multicéntrico que incluyó a hipertensos diabéticos de 18 años o más, reclutados mediante muestreo consecutivo por médicos de familia de toda España. La medida de PA se realizó siguiendo normas estandarizadas, calculándose la media aritmética de al menos 2 tomas sucesivas separadas entre sí 2 minutos. Se consideró buen control de la HTA al promedio de PA inferior a 140/90mmHg según recomienda la European Society Hypertension (ESH 2009). Se evaluó igualmente el porcentaje de pacientes con PA por debajo de 130/80mmHg (ESH 2007 y American Diabetes Association 2010). Se registraron datos sociodemográficos, clínicos, factores de riesgo cardiovascular, trastornos clínicos asociados y tratamientos farmacológicos. Resultados: Se incluyeron a 2.752 pacientes (55,6% mujeres) con una edad media de 67,1 (9,8) años. El 64,3% presentaba dislipemia, 61,8% sedentarismo, 46,5% obesidad, 41,2% antecedentes de ECV y el 16,0% tabaquismo. El 66,1% recibía terapia combinada (2 fármacos 43,5%, 3 fármacos17,9% y 4 fármacos o más 4,7%). Siguiendo las recomendaciones de 2009 el 47,3% (IC 95% 45,4–49,2) presentó buen control de PAS y PAD, 50,2% (IC 95% 48,3–52,1) solo de PAS y el 79,8% (IC 95% 78,3–81,3) únicamente de PAD; considerando los criterios de 2007 el 15,1% (IC 95% 13,8–16,4) mostró buen control de PAS y PAD, 22,5% (IC 95% 20,9–24,1) de PAS y el 38,2% (IC 95% 36,4–40,0) de PAD. La obesidad, el sedentarismo y no haber tomado la medicación el día de la visita fueron los factores que más se asociaron al mal control de la HTA (χ2 de Wald; p<0,01)...(AU)

ABSTRACT

Objectives: To know the grade of blood pressure (BP) control in a large sample of diabetic hypertensive patients attended in Primary Care (PC) and to determine the factors associated to poor blood pressure control. Material and methods: A cross-sectional and multicenter study that included diabetic hypertensive subjects of 18 years or older, recruited by consecutive sampling by family doctors throughout Spain. The measurement of BP was performed following standardized guidelines, calculating the arithmetic mean of at least two successive measurements separated by two minutes. Good control of arterial hypertension (AHT) was considered to be the average of BP lower than 140/90mmHg as recommended by the European Society Hypertension (ESH 2009). The percentage of patients with BP below 130/80mmHg (ESH 2007 and American Diabetes Association 2010) was also evaluated. Socio-demographic, clinical data, cardiovascular risk factors, associated clinical disorders and drug treatments were also recorded. Results: A total of 2752 patients (55.6% women) with a mean (SD) age of 67.1 (9.8) years were included. Of these, 64.3% presented dyslipidemia, 61.8% sedentary life style, 46.5% obesity, 41.2% background of cardiovascular disease and 16.0% smoked. A total of 66.1% received combined therapy (two drugs 43.5%, three 17.9% and four or more 4.7%). Following the 2009 recommendations, 47.3% (95% CI 45.4–49.2) had good control of the systolic BP (SBP) and diastolic BP (DBP), 50.2% (95% CI 48.3–52.1) only of the SBP and 79.8% (95% CI 78.3–81.3) only of DBP. Considering the 2007 criteria, 15.1% (95% CI 13.8–16.4) showed good control of SBP and DBP, 22.5% (95% CI 20.9–24.1) of SBP and 38.2% (95% CI 36.4–40.0) of DBP. Obesity, sedentary life, and not having taken the medication on the day of the visit were the factors that were most associated to the poor control of AHT (Wald χ2; p<0.01)...(AU)