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10 Años innovando en el tratamiento de la infección tuberculosa latente: comparación entre pautas estándar y pautas cortas en tratamiento directamente observado / 10 Years of innovation in the treatment of latent tuberculosis infection: a comparison between standard and short course therapies in directly observed therapy
López, G; Wood, M; Ayesta, F. J.
Affiliation
  • López, G; Centro Penitenciario de Bilbao. España
  • Wood, M; Centro Penitenciario El Dueso. España
  • Ayesta, F. J; Universidad de Cantabria. España
Rev. esp. sanid. penit ; 13(1): 3-14, 2011. tab, ilus
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-86228
Responsible library: ES1.1
Localization: BNCS
RESUMEN

Objetivos:

El objetivo principal del estudio fue comparar la aceptación, adherencia, tolerancia y seguridad de varias pautas cortas para el tratamiento de la infección tuberculosa latente (TIT), frente a una estándar de 9 meses, en tratamiento directamente observado (TDO) y confrontarlas con resultados previos de una pauta estándar en tratamiento autoadministrado por el paciente. Pacientes y

métodos:

Estudio longitudinal retrospectivo realizado en un centro penitenciario de tamaño medio. El período de inclusión abarcó 10 años, de enero de 2000 a diciembre de 2009. Se utilizaron los criterios de inclusión y exclusión de los Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) y los recogidos en el Programa de Prevención y Control de la Tuberculosis en el Medio Penitenciario. Se utilizaron 4 pautas de TIT según la preferencia del paciente y posibles interacciones con otros tratamientos. La pauta incluía isoniazida (H) en dosis de 300 mg/dia 9 meses (9H), la pauta II rifampicina más pirazinamida durante 2 meses 2 veces por semana, (2R2Z2) la pauta III rifampicina más isoniazida durante 3 meses (3RH) y la pauta IV rifampicina durante 4 meses (4R). Se administró el tratamiento de forma estricta en TDO por el personal de enfermería.

Resultados:

Se incluyen 902 pacientes, aceptando el tratamiento 810 (89,80%), distribuidos de la siguiente forma 400 en la pauta 9H, y 410 con las pautas cortas (316 en la pauta 2R2Z2, 82 en la pauta 3RH y 12 en la pauta 4R. No aceptaron el TIT 92 (10,20%) pacientes. Finalizaron el TIT 271 (67,75%) con 9H, y 314 (76,60%) con las pautas cortas. Finalizaron con 2R2Z2, 232 pacientes (73,42%), con 3RH 70 (85,40%) y 12 (100%) con 4R. No finalizan el TIT con la pauta 9H 129 (32,25%) pacientes por los siguientes motivos (63 por abandono voluntario, 35 por reacciones adversas, 26 por libertad o traslado, 2 por causa desconocida, 1 por enfermedad tuberculosa en un paciente VIH- y 1 por suicidio). No finalizan el TIT con las pautas cortas 96 (23,41%) pacientes, por los siguientes motivos (36 por abandono voluntario, 54 por reacciones adversas, 1 por libertad o traslado, 3 por causa desconocida, 1 por brote psicótico en enfermo psiquiátrico y 1 por hepatitis aguda no filiada). Se aprecian diferencias significativas en las tasas de finalización del TIT al comparar la pauta estándar 9H y las pautas cortas. Se observa una mayor probabilidad de finalización, estadísticamente significativa, con las pautas cortas p 0,006; Odds Ratio 1.56 (LC95% 1.14-2.12). Este diferencia en la finalización se debe a que la pauta 9H presenta un mayor número de abandonos voluntarios sin motivo aparente (p 0.002; OR 2.03 [1.30-3.15]) y un mayor número de abandonos por conducción a otro centro o libertad (p<0,0001; OR 30.22 [4.07-224.29]), sin encontrarse diferencias significativas en los abandonos por reacciones adversas entre la pauta 9H y el conjunto de pautas cortas. ...(AU)
ABSTRACT

Objectives:

The main aim of the study is to compare the acceptance, adherence, tolerance and safety of short course therapies in comparison to a standard 9 month treatment for latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) in directly observed therapy (DOT) and contrast this with previous results from a standard therapy in patient self-administered treatment. Materials and

methods:

Retrospective longitudinal study carried out at a medium sized prison. Period of inclusion covers 10 years, from January 2000 to December 2009. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) inclusion and exclusion criteria were used, as well as the ones included in the Program for Tuberculosis Prevention and Control in the Prison Environment. 4 LTBI therapies according to the preference of the patient and possible interactions with other treatments were utilised. Therapy I consisted of isoniazid (H) in doses of 300 mg/day for 9 months (9H), therapy II with rifampicin for 2 months, twice a week, (2R2Z2) therapy III with rifampicin and isoniazid for 3 months (3RH) and therapy IV with rifampicin for four months (4R). Treatment was administered under strict DOT conditions by nursing staff.

Results:

902 patients were included, of which 810 accepted the treatment (89.90%), distributed as follows 400 in the 9H therapy, and 410 with short course therapies (316 in the 2R2Z2, 82 in the 3RH therapy and 12 in the 4R therapy). 92 patients (10.20%) did not accept LTBI therapy, 271 patients (67.75%) concluded the LTBI treatment with 9H, and 314 (76.60%) with short courses. 232 patients (73.42%) concluded the 2R2Z2, 85.40% with the 3RH 70 therapy and 12 (100%) with the 4R treatment. 129 patients (32.25%) did not complete the LTBI 9H therapy (63 due to voluntary withdrawal, 35 due to adverse reactions, 26 for release or transfer, 2 for unknown reasons, 1 due to tuberculosis in a HIV- patient and 1 due to suicide). 96 patients (23.41%) did not conclude the short course therapies (36 due to voluntary withdrawal, 54 due to adverse reactions, 1 due to release or transfer, 3 for unknown reasons, 1 due to a psychotic episode, and 1 due to hepatitis of unknown aetiology). Significant differences could be discerned in the LTBI therapy conclusion rates when comparing the standard 9H and short course therapies. A greater, statistically significant, probability is observed with the short course therapies p 0.006; Odds Ration 1.56 (LC95% 1.14-2.12). ...(AU)
Subject(s)
Full text: Available Collection: National databases / Spain Health context: SDG3 - Target 3.8 Achieve universal access to health / Sustainable Health Agenda for the Americas / SDG3 - Health and Well-Being / Neglected Diseases / SDG3 - Target 3.3 End transmission of communicable diseases Health problem: Delivery Arrangements / Goal 9: Noncommunicable diseases and mental health / Goal 10: Communicable diseases / Target 3.3: End transmission of communicable diseases / Target 3.4: Reduce premature mortality due to noncommunicable diseases / Neglected Diseases / Tuberculosis / Tuberculosis Database: IBECS Main subject: Prisoners / Rifampin / Tuberculin / Tuberculosis, Pulmonary / Tuberculin Test / Chemoprevention / Isoniazid Type of study: Observational study / Risk factors Limits: Female / Humans / Male Country/Region as subject: Europa Language: Spanish Journal: Rev. esp. sanid. penit Year: 2011 Document type: Article Institution/Affiliation country: Centro Penitenciario El Dueso/España / Centro Penitenciario de Bilbao/España / Universidad de Cantabria/España
Full text: Available Collection: National databases / Spain Health context: SDG3 - Target 3.8 Achieve universal access to health / Sustainable Health Agenda for the Americas / SDG3 - Health and Well-Being / Neglected Diseases / SDG3 - Target 3.3 End transmission of communicable diseases Health problem: Delivery Arrangements / Goal 9: Noncommunicable diseases and mental health / Goal 10: Communicable diseases / Target 3.3: End transmission of communicable diseases / Target 3.4: Reduce premature mortality due to noncommunicable diseases / Neglected Diseases / Tuberculosis / Tuberculosis Database: IBECS Main subject: Prisoners / Rifampin / Tuberculin / Tuberculosis, Pulmonary / Tuberculin Test / Chemoprevention / Isoniazid Type of study: Observational study / Risk factors Limits: Female / Humans / Male Country/Region as subject: Europa Language: Spanish Journal: Rev. esp. sanid. penit Year: 2011 Document type: Article Institution/Affiliation country: Centro Penitenciario El Dueso/España / Centro Penitenciario de Bilbao/España / Universidad de Cantabria/España
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