Hepatitis A en la infancia. La punta del iceberg infectológico? / Viral Hepatitis A in childhood. The tip of an infections disease iceberg

RESUMO

The objectives of this study were to analyze the seroepidemiologic prevalence of Hepatitis A Virus (HAV) in children of the city of Resistencia by means of specific antibody detection, relate these data with the socio-sanitary conditions, and discuss vaccine strategies. Two hundred and eighty eight children between 2 and 14 years of age, with a mean of 6.6 years, of both sexes and with no patent liver disease were studied. Blood samples were taken, and the presence of total anti-HAV antibodies was determined. A prevalence of 83.3% was found with no significant differences between sexes. When age groups were compared, antibodies were found in 57.3% of children between 2 and 4 years of age, 90.8% in the 5 to 9 group, and 96.6% in the 10 to 14 group. It was seen that the precarious system of excreta elimination, the lack of potable water in the dwellings, and the absence of sanitary devices, were statistically associated with the high prevalence of HAV infection. In view of the high endemicity found in the first years of life, and considering this disease as a marker of other pathologies with a similar pattern of dissemination, these data may represent the tip of an iceberg holding a broad base of accompanying infections with a high impact in the health of the population. A simultaneous approach towards anti HAV vaccination in young children, and the political decision of improving socio-sanitary conditions and decreasing poverty indexes, should be promptly implemented