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Aberrant signaling pathways in medulloblastomas: a stem cell connection / Vias de sinalização aberrantes no meduloblastoma: uma conexão com célula-tronco
Rodini, Carolina Oliveira; Suzuki, Daniela Emi; Nakahata, Adriana Miti; Pereira, Márcia Cristina Leite; Janjoppi, Luciana; Toledo, Silvia Regina Caminada; Okamoto, Oswaldo Keith.
Affiliation
  • Rodini, Carolina Oliveira; s.af
  • Suzuki, Daniela Emi; s.af
  • Nakahata, Adriana Miti; s.af
  • Pereira, Márcia Cristina Leite; s.af
  • Janjoppi, Luciana; s.af
  • Toledo, Silvia Regina Caminada; s.af
  • Okamoto, Oswaldo Keith; s.af
Arq. neuropsiquiatr ; 68(6): 947-952, Dec. 2010. ilus
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-571339
Responsible library: BR1.1
ABSTRACT
Medulloblastoma is a highly malignant primary tumor of the central nervous system. It represents the most frequent type of solid tumor and the leading cause of death related to cancer in early childhood. Current treatment includes surgery, chemotherapy and radiotherapy which may lead to severe cognitive impairment and secondary brain tumors. New perspectives for therapeutic development have emerged with the identification of stem-like cells displaying high tumorigenic potential and increased radio- and chemo-resistance in gliomas. Under the cancer stem cell hypothesis, transformation of neural stem cells and/or granular neuron progenitors of the cerebellum are though to be involved in medulloblastoma development. Dissecting the genetic and molecular alterations associated with this process should significantly impact both basic and applied cancer research. Based on cumulative evidences in the fields of genetics and molecular biology of medulloblastomas, we discuss the possible involvement of developmental signaling pathways as critical biochemical switches determining normal neurogenesis or tumorigenesis. From the clinical viewpoint, modulation of signaling pathways such as TGFβ, regulating neural stem cell proliferation and tumor development, might be attempted as an alternative strategy for future drug development aiming at more efficient therapies and improved clinical outcome of patients with pediatric brain cancers.
RESUMO
Meduloblastoma é um tumor maligno do sistema nervoso central (SNC). Na infância, representa o tumor sólido mais frequente e a principal causa de morte relacionada ao câncer. Tratamentos atuais incluem cirurgia, quimioterapia e radioterapia, que podem trazer prejuízos cognitivos e desenvolvimento de tumores secundários. Novas perspectivas terapêuticas surgem com a identificação de células-tronco em gliomas, as quais apresentam alto potencial tumorigênico e maior resistência à radioterapia e quimioterapia. A hipótese das células-tronco tumorais sugere que a transformação de células-tronco e/ou progenitores neurais do cerebelo está envolvida no desenvolvimento do meduloblastoma. Portanto, analisar alterações genéticas e moleculares envolvidas nesse processo é de grande importância na pesquisa básica e aplicada ao câncer. Nesse sentido, discutimos o possível envolvimento de vias de sinalização bioquímica críticas a ambos os processos de neurogênese normal ou tumorigênese, com base em evidências atuais na área de genética e biologia molecular dos meduloblastomas. Do ponto de vista clínico, a modulação de vias de sinalização como a do TGFβ, regulando proliferação de célula-tronco neural e desenvolvimento tumoral, pode ser uma estratégia alternativa para o desenvolvimento de novos medicamentos objetivando-se terapias mais eficientes e melhora do prognóstico dos pacientes pediátricos com câncer de SNC.
Subject(s)


Full text: Available Collection: International databases Database: LILACS Main subject: Neoplastic Stem Cells / Signal Transduction / Cerebellar Neoplasms / Transforming Growth Factor beta / Neural Stem Cells / Medulloblastoma Type of study: Etiology study / Prognostic study Limits: Humans Language: English Journal: Arq. neuropsiquiatr Journal subject: Neurology / Psychiatry Year: 2010 Document type: Article

Full text: Available Collection: International databases Database: LILACS Main subject: Neoplastic Stem Cells / Signal Transduction / Cerebellar Neoplasms / Transforming Growth Factor beta / Neural Stem Cells / Medulloblastoma Type of study: Etiology study / Prognostic study Limits: Humans Language: English Journal: Arq. neuropsiquiatr Journal subject: Neurology / Psychiatry Year: 2010 Document type: Article
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