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Equilíbrio hidroeletrolítico no exercício e no esporte: reposição hidroeletrolítica durante e na recuperação associada ao esporte / Body fluid balance in exercise and sport fluid replacement during exercise and recovery from exercise
Pedroso, Ênio Roberto Pietra.
Affiliation
  • Pedroso, Ênio Roberto Pietra; Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais. Faculdade de Medicina. Belo Horizonte. BR
Rev. méd. Minas Gerais ; 11(2): 84-91, abr.-jun. 2001. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-587214
Responsible library: BR21.1
RESUMO
A eficiência do exercício de pequena duração e grande produção de força, ou de resistência de moderada intensidade e tempo prolongado, pode ser afetada pela desidratação. Esse efeito é exacerbado quando o exercício é realizado em ambiente quente, como ocorre no Brasil. A desidratação e seus efeitos associados ao exercício físico podem ser evitados ou retardados. Para obter esse objetivo é necessário manter próximo do normal o equilíbrio hidro eletrolítico antes e durante o exercício. Os líquidos necessários para atletas de competição antes de se submeterem ao exercício devem se basear em 1. dieta usual balanceada nutricionalmente; 2. ingestão adequada de líquidos nas 24 h anteriores à realização do exercício, especialmente durante a refeição que o antecede; 3. ingestão de cerca de 500 ml de líquidos duas horas antes do exercício. Uma boa composição de líquidos para reidratação durante exercícios que durem mais de 60 min é a que oferece velocidade de ingestão de 600 a 1.200 mL/h de água, com 4% a 8% de carboidrato (glicose, sacarose ou maltodextrina) e 0,5 a 0,7 grama de cloreto de sódio por litro de água, com temperatura entre 15 a 22°C e sabor agradável, o que é específico para cada indivíduo.
ABSTRACT
During and after exercise or athletic competition it is recommended 1. to consume a nutritionally balanced diet and drink adequate fluids during the 24 h period before the event, especially during the period that includes the meal prior to exercise, to promote proper hydration before exercise or competition; 2. to drink about 500 mL of fluid 2 h before exercise to promote adequate hydration and to allow time for excretion of excess water; 3. during exercise, athletes should start drinking early and at regular intervals in an attempt to consume fluids at a rate sufficient to replace all the water lost through sweating or consume the maximal amount that can be tolerated; 4. that ingested fluids be cooler than environmental temperature (15 and 22°C), flavored to enhance palatability and served in containers that allow adequate volumes to be ingested with ease and with minimal interruption of exercise; 5. addition of proper amounts of carbohydrates or eletrolytes to a fluid replacement solution for exercise events of duration greater than I h since it does not significantly impair water delivery to the body and may enhance performance. During exercise lasting less than 1 h, there is little evidence of physiological or physical performance differences whether consumes a carbohydrate-electrolyte drink or plain water; 6. during exercise lasting longer than 1 h, carbohydrates should be ingested at a rate of 30- 60 g/h to maintain oxidation of carbohydrates and delay fatigue. This rate of carbohydrate intake can be achieved without compromising fluid delivery, by drinking 600- 1,200 mL/h of solutions containing 4-8% carbohydrates. The carbohydrates can be sugar (glucose or sucrose) or starch (maltodextrina); 7. inclusion of sodium (0,5-0,7 g/L of water) in the rehydration solution ingested during exercise lasting longer than 1 h may be advantageous in enhancing palatability, promoting fluid retention, and possibility preventing hyponatremia in certain individuais...
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Collection: International databases Database: LILACS Main subject: Sports / Water-Electrolyte Balance / Exercise Limits: Humans Language: Portuguese Journal: Rev. méd. Minas Gerais Journal subject: Medicine Year: 2001 Document type: Article Affiliation country: Brazil Institution/Affiliation country: Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais/BR
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Collection: International databases Database: LILACS Main subject: Sports / Water-Electrolyte Balance / Exercise Limits: Humans Language: Portuguese Journal: Rev. méd. Minas Gerais Journal subject: Medicine Year: 2001 Document type: Article Affiliation country: Brazil Institution/Affiliation country: Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais/BR
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