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Factores obstétricos claves en los resultados neonatales y a los dos años de seguimiento en la prematuridad extrema / Influence of obstetrical factors in the neonatal outcome and after two-year follow-up in extreme preterm
López C., Nayara; González A., Mar; Álvarez C., Laura; Martínez S., Nuria; González G., Antonio; Omeñaca T., Félix; San José V., Belén.
Affiliation
  • López C., Nayara; Hospital Universitario La Paz. Servicio de Obstetricia y Ginecología. Madrid. ES
  • González A., Mar; Hospital Universitario La Paz. Servicio de Obstetricia y Ginecología. Madrid. ES
  • Álvarez C., Laura; Hospital Universitario La Paz. Servicio de Pediatría y Neonatología. Madrid. ES
  • Martínez S., Nuria; Hospital Universitario La Paz. Servicio de Obstetricia y Ginecología. Madrid. ES
  • González G., Antonio; Hospital Universitario La Paz. Servicio de Obstetricia y Ginecología. Madrid. ES
  • Omeñaca T., Félix; Hospital Universitario La Paz. Servicio de Pediatría y Neonatología. Madrid. ES
  • San José V., Belén; s.af
Rev. chil. obstet. ginecol ; 76(5): 302-310, 2011. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-608799
Responsible library: CL1.1
RESUMEN

Objetivo:

Analizar la morbimortalidad en pretérminos extremos evaluando la influencia de factores obstétricos.

Método:

Estudio retrospectivo de 132 casos nacidos entre las semanas 23 y 27 en el Hospital La Paz, desde 2003 a 2005. Se establecieron tres grupos obstétricos Amenaza de Parto Pretérmino, Rotura Prematura de Membranas y la asociación de ambas. Se evaluaron como variables obstétricas tocolisis, corticoterapia, motivo de finalización de la gestación y vía de parto, y como variables en niños mortalidad y morbilidad respiratoria, neurológica, visual y auditiva en neonatos y a los dos años.

Resultados:

Los casos con amenaza de parto pretérmino presentaron mayor displasia broncopulmonar y ductus arterioso persistente que los otros dos grupos obstétricos (p=0,03). Las pacientes con amenaza de parto pretérmino y tocolisis desarrollaron menos hemorragia intraventricular [36,4 por ciento (12/33)] e infarto periventricular (0 por ciento) que los casos sin tocolisis, en los que aparecieron en el 68,4 por ciento (13/19) y 31,6 por ciento(6/19), respectivamente (p=0,03 y p=0,001). Además en este subgrupo, los casos que recibieron corticoterapia desarrollaron menos infarto periventricular (0 por ciento) y parálisis cerebral a los 2 años [6,7 por ciento (2/30)], que los que no la recibieron, en los que apareció un 40 por ciento (6/15) de infarto y un 40 por ciento (4/10) de parálisis cerebral, respectivamente (p=0,0001 y p=0,02). La hemorragia intraventricular y la parálisis cerebral fueron más frecuentes en partos vaginales de casos con amenaza de parto pretérmino que en cesáreas [63,3 por ciento (19/30) y 26,1 por ciento (6/23) frente a 27,3 por ciento (6/22) y 0 por ciento; p=0,01 y 0,03].

Conclusión:

La conducta obstétrica puede modificar el pronóstico neonatal y a los 2 años de seguimiento.
ABSTRACT

Objective:

Analyse morbidity and mortality in extreme preterm at birth and at 2 year follow-up evaluating the influence of obstetrical factors.

Methods:

Retrospective study of 132 cases born between weeks 23 and 27 at La Paz Hospital from 2003 to 2005. Three obstetrical groups were established Threat of Preterm Birth, Premature Rupture of Membranes and the combination of both. The following were evaluated as obstetrical variables tocolysis, corticosteroid therapy and type of delivery. As variables in children mortality and respiratory, neurological, visual and auditive morbidity in neonates and two years of age.

Results:

In the cases of threat of preterm birth a greater bronchopulmonary dysplasia and persistent ductus arteriosus appeared than in the other two obstetrical groups (p=0.03). Focusing on the threat of birth group, the cases with maternal tocolysis developed fewer neurological complications, intraventricular hemorrhage of 36.4 percent (12/33) and periventricular infarct of 0 percent, whereas the cases without tocolysis showed 68.4 percent (13/19) and 31.6 percent (6/19) respectively (p=0.03, p=0.001). Also in this subgroup, the cases that received corticosteroid therapy developed less periventricular infarct (0 percent) and cerebral palsy at age 2 [6.7 percent (2/30)] than the ones that did not receive it in which the percentages were 40 percent (6/15) and 40 percent (4/10) (p=0.0001 and p=0.02 respectively). Also, intraventricular hemorrhage and cerebral palsy were more frequent in vaginal delivery than in caesarean sections in this subgroup [63.3 percent (19/30) and 26.1 percent (6/23) against 27.3 percent (6/22) and 0 percent; p=0.01 and p=0.03)].

Conclusion:

Obstetrical characteristics and behaviour can have a decisive impact in the neonatal outcome and after two-year follow-up.
Subject(s)


Full text: Available Collection: International databases Health context: Sustainable Health Agenda for the Americas / SDG3 - Health and Well-Being / SDG3 - Target 3.2 Reduce avoidable death in newborns and children under 5 Health problem: Goal 9: Noncommunicable diseases and mental health / Target 3.1: Reduce maternal mortality / Target 3.2: Reduce avoidable death in newborns and children under 5 / Neonatal Healthcare / Noncommunicable Diseases Database: LILACS Main subject: Pregnancy Complications / Infant, Premature, Diseases Type of study: Observational study / Prognostic study / Risk factors Limits: Female / Humans / Male / Infant, Newborn Country/Region as subject: Europa Language: Spanish Journal: Rev. chil. obstet. ginecol Journal subject: Gynecology / Obstetrics Year: 2011 Document type: Article Affiliation country: Spain Institution/Affiliation country: Hospital Universitario La Paz/ES

Full text: Available Collection: International databases Health context: Sustainable Health Agenda for the Americas / SDG3 - Health and Well-Being / SDG3 - Target 3.2 Reduce avoidable death in newborns and children under 5 Health problem: Goal 9: Noncommunicable diseases and mental health / Target 3.1: Reduce maternal mortality / Target 3.2: Reduce avoidable death in newborns and children under 5 / Neonatal Healthcare / Noncommunicable Diseases Database: LILACS Main subject: Pregnancy Complications / Infant, Premature, Diseases Type of study: Observational study / Prognostic study / Risk factors Limits: Female / Humans / Male / Infant, Newborn Country/Region as subject: Europa Language: Spanish Journal: Rev. chil. obstet. ginecol Journal subject: Gynecology / Obstetrics Year: 2011 Document type: Article Affiliation country: Spain Institution/Affiliation country: Hospital Universitario La Paz/ES
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