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HIV infection, sexual abuse and social support in Jamaican adolescents referred to a psychiatric service / La infección por VIH, el abuso sexual y el apoyo social en adolescentes jamaicanos referidos a los servicios psiquiátricos
Lowe, GA; Gibson, RC; Christie, CDC.
Affiliation
  • Lowe, GA; University of the West Indies. Departments of Community Health and Psychiatry. JM
  • Gibson, RC; University of the West Indies. Departments of Community Health and Psychiatry. JM
  • Christie, CDC; University of the West Indies. Departments of Community Health and Psychiatry. JM
West Indian med. j ; 57(3): 307-311, June 2008. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-672368
Responsible library: BR1.1
ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND:

Children and adolescents with HIV/AIDS often have psychological/psychiatric issues that require specialist intervention. We explored whether HIV infection acquired through sexual abuse led to particularly negative psychiatric outcomes and whether good social support is a protective factor in the development of undesirable psychiatric sequelae.

METHODS:

This study consists of a case series of five persons referred from the Paediatric Infectious Diseases Clinic to the Child Psychiatry Clinic, both at the University Hospital of the West Indies (UHWI) in Jamaica, during July 1 to November 30, 2005. The patients were clinically assessed and diagnosed by a psychiatrist using the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual for Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition (DSM IV) criteria. Cases were compared according to gender, age, likely route of HIV infection, level of family/social support and nature of psychiatric outcome.

RESULTS:

Adolescents who acquired HIV infection through sexual abuse reported more intense feelings of sadness and suicidal ideations. Those with good social support reported less intense feelings of sadness with no suicidal ideations and were more optimistic about their future regardless of the route of acquisition. Two of three adolescents who acquired HIV infection through sexual abuse and one of two who was perinatally infected required ongoing supportive psychotherapy to augment their social support, the characteristic most associated with favourable outcome.

CONCLUSION:

Both sexual abuse and HIV/AIDS are likely to have negative psychological consequences in children and adolescents. This psychological impact may be intensified when HIV infection results from sexual assault as opposed to other methods of transmission. The findings support the practice of providing HIV prophylaxis to all sexual assault victims of known or suspected HIV-positive perpetrators and of encouraging utilization of existing social support networks.
RESUMEN
ANTECEDENTES Tanto niños como adolescentes que sufren de VIH/SIDA, tienen a menudo problemas psicológicos/psiquiátricos que requieren intervención especializada. El presente trabajo explora si la infección por VIH adquirida por abuso sexual condujo a resultados psiquiátricos particularmente negativos y si el buen apoyo social constituye un factor de protección en el desarrollo de secuelas psiquiátricas indeseables.

MÉTODOS:

Este estudio consiste en una serie de casos de cinco personas referidos a la Clínica Infantil de Psiquiatría desde la Clínica Pediátrica de Enfermedades Infeccionas, ambas en el Hospital Universitario de West Indies (HUWI) en Jamaica, desde julio 1 hasta noviembre 30 de 2005. Los pacientes fueron evaluados clínicamente y diagnosticados por un psiquiatra usando criterios del Manual Diagnóstico y Estadístico de los Trastornos Mentales, cuarta edición (DSM IV). Los casos fueron comparados de acuerdo con la edad, el género, la ruta probable de la infección por VIH, el nivel de apoyo familiar/social, y la naturaleza del resultado psiquiátrico.

RESULTADOS:

Adolescentes que adquirieron la infección del VIH por abuso sexual, reportaron sentimientos más intensos de tristeza e ideas suicidas. Aquellos con buen apoyo social reportaron sentimientos menos intensos de tristeza sin ideas suicidas y no tenían optimismo acerca de su futuro con independencia de cual fuera la ruta de su adquisición. Dos de los tres adolescentes que adquirieron la infección del VIH por abuso sexual y uno de dos que estaba infectado perinatalmente necesitaron psicoterapia de apoyo continua a fin de aumentar su apoyo social, la característica más asociada con resultados favorables.

CONCLUSIÓN:

Tanto el abuso sexual como el VIH/SIDA tienden a tener consecuencias psicológicas negativas en niños y adolescentes. Este impacto psicológico negativo puede ser intensificado cuando la infección por VIH se produce como consecuencia de un asalto sexual, en comparación con otros métodos de transmisión sexual. Los hallazgos respaldan la práctica de ofrecer profilaxis de VIH a todas las víctimas de asaltos sexuales por parte de perpetradores de los que se sabe o sospecha que son VIH positivos, así como estimular la utilización de las redes de apoyo social existentes.
Subject(s)
Full text: Available Collection: International databases Health context: SDG3 - Health and Well-Being Health problem: Target 3.3: End transmission of communicable diseases Database: LILACS Main subject: Social Support / Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic / Child Abuse, Sexual / HIV Infections Type of study: Etiology study / Practice guideline Aspects: Social determinants of health Limits: Adolescent / Adult / Female / Humans / Male Country/Region as subject: English Caribbean / Jamaica Language: English Journal: West Indian med. j Journal subject: Medicine Year: 2008 Document type: Article Affiliation country: Jamaica Institution/Affiliation country: University of the West Indies/JM
Full text: Available Collection: International databases Health context: SDG3 - Health and Well-Being Health problem: Target 3.3: End transmission of communicable diseases Database: LILACS Main subject: Social Support / Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic / Child Abuse, Sexual / HIV Infections Type of study: Etiology study / Practice guideline Aspects: Social determinants of health Limits: Adolescent / Adult / Female / Humans / Male Country/Region as subject: English Caribbean / Jamaica Language: English Journal: West Indian med. j Journal subject: Medicine Year: 2008 Document type: Article Affiliation country: Jamaica Institution/Affiliation country: University of the West Indies/JM
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