Loxoscelismo cutáneo: revisión narrativa de un problema actual / Cutaneous loxoscelism: narrative review of a current problem

ABSTRACT

The endemic presence of Loxosceles laeta species in Chile determines a constant validity of loxoscelism in clinical practice. Among their clinical scope, cutaneous loxoscelismis the most common presentation and it usually requires surgical management. The objective of this article is to review basic knowledge, epidemiologic data, clinical and therapeutic knowledge and advances in this disease based on the available evidence. Evidence does not support the routinary use of any pharmacological agent in cutaneous loxoscelism. General therapeutic measures, adequate analgesia, the delimitation of thedermonecrotic area and in cases if needed a conservative surgical approach are recommended. The use of antibiotics should be restricted to cases of concomitant infection. Emphasis should be on prevention of these injuries, stressing the importance of early consultation in the emergency service, and monitoring for signs and symptoms of the systemic compromise. A conservative surgical approach minimizes unnecessary morbidity.