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Política de anticoncepción oral de emergencia: la experiencia peruana / Emergency oral contraception policy: the peruvian experience
Pretell-Zárate, Eduardo A..
Affiliation
  • Pretell-Zárate, Eduardo A.; Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia. Lima. PE
Rev. peru. med. exp. salud publica ; 30(3): 487-493, jul.-sep. 2013. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS, LIPECS | ID: lil-688051
Responsible library: BR1.1
RESUMEN
La anticoncepción oral de emergencia es parte del derecho sexual y reproductivo de la mujer. En el año 2001, esta política de salud fue incorporada en las Normas del Programa Nacional de Planificación Familiar del Ministerio de Salud, principalmente para prevenir el embarazo no deseado y sus graves consecuencias, el aborto inducido y la alta tasa de mortalidad materna que conlleva, los cuales constituyen importantes problemas de salud pública. La investigación científica ha confirmado que el principal mecanismo de acción del levonorgestrel, componente de la anticoncepción oral de emergencia (AOE), es inhibir o postergar la ovulación, evitando la fecundación del óvulo; adicionalmente incrementa el espesamiento del moco cervical que dificulta la migración espermática. Ningún estudio ha encontrado alteraciones endometriales que puedan interferir con la anidación del óvulo fecundado ni del desarrollo embrionario de un óvulo implantado. No obstante del soporte de la ciencia médica y del aval legal recibido, la AOE está disponible solo para usuarias con recursos económicos, pero su uso no se ha implementado plenamente en los servicios del sector público, debido a obstáculos generados por grupos opositores a la anticoncepción, aferrándose a un supuesto efecto abortivo que ha sido descartado científicamente. El presente artículo describe la experiencia administrativa y los enfrentamientos legales entre los grupos de poder que impiden la adecuada implementación de una política de anticoncepción oral de emergencia en el Perú.
ABSTRACT
Emergency oral contraception is part of the sexual and reproductive rights of women. In 2001, this health policy was incorporated into the Rules of the National Family Planning Program of the Ministry of Health, primarily to prevent unwanted pregnancy and its serious consequences, induced abortion and the high associated maternal mortality rate, which are major public health problems. Scientific research has confirmed that the main mechanism of action of levonorgestrel, component of emergency oral contraception (EOC) is to inhibit or delay ovulation, preventing fertilization of the egg; additionally, it increases the thickening of the cervical mucus, making the sperm migration more difficult. No study has found endometrial abnormalities that may interfere with the implantation of the fertilized egg or embryo development of an implanted egg. However, despite the support of medical science and legal backing, the EOC is available only to users with economic resources, but its use has not been fully implemented in public sector services, due to obstacles created by groups opposed to contraception under claim of an alleged abortive effect that has already been ruled out scientifically. This article describes the administrative experience and legal confrontations between groups of power that prevent the proper implementation of an emergency contraception policy in Peru.
Subject(s)


Full text: Available Collection: National databases / Peru Health context: SDG3 - Health and Well-Being / SDG3 - Target 3.1 Reduce Maternal Mortality Health problem: Target 3.1: Reduce maternal mortality / Abortion Database: LILACS / LIPECS Main subject: Public Policy / Contraception, Postcoital Aspects: Social determinants of health Limits: Female / Humans Country/Region as subject: South America / Peru Language: Spanish Journal: Rev. peru. med. exp. salud publica Year: 2013 Document type: Article Institution/Affiliation country: Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia/PE

Full text: Available Collection: National databases / Peru Health context: SDG3 - Health and Well-Being / SDG3 - Target 3.1 Reduce Maternal Mortality Health problem: Target 3.1: Reduce maternal mortality / Abortion Database: LILACS / LIPECS Main subject: Public Policy / Contraception, Postcoital Aspects: Social determinants of health Limits: Female / Humans Country/Region as subject: South America / Peru Language: Spanish Journal: Rev. peru. med. exp. salud publica Year: 2013 Document type: Article Institution/Affiliation country: Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia/PE
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