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Control de foco de tuberculosis en menores de 15 años / Control of tuberculosis focus in under 15 years-old children
Muñoz Peña, Roberto; Estela Reynel, Patty Gaby; Abreu Suárez, Gladys; González Valdés, José Antonio; Rodríguez Vargas, Liana Elisa.
Affiliation
  • Muñoz Peña, Roberto; Hospital Pediátrico de Centro Habana. La Habana. CU
  • Estela Reynel, Patty Gaby; Hospital Pediátrico de Centro Habana. La Habana. CU
  • Abreu Suárez, Gladys; Hospital Pediátrico de Centro Habana. La Habana. CU
  • González Valdés, José Antonio; Hospital Pediátrico de Centro Habana. La Habana. CU
  • Rodríguez Vargas, Liana Elisa; Hospital Pediátrico de Centro Habana. La Habana. CU
Rev. cuba. pediatr ; 86(2): 189-199, abr.-jun. 2014. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-721317
Responsible library: CU1.1
RESUMEN

INTRODUCCIÓN:

los niños se infectan de tuberculosis a partir del contacto con un adulto enfermo, casi siempre en el hogar.

OBJETIVO:

evaluar la calidad de las acciones de control de foco en niños expuestos.

MÉTODOS:

estudio retrospectivo, descriptivo de los controles de focos de tuberculosis realizados a 143 menores de 15 años que estuvieron en contacto con 95 enfermos, en el municipio habanero de "10 de Octubre". Se clasificaron en 3 categorías 1) expuestos niños sin elementos clínicos, radiológicos ni microbiológicos de enfermedad activa y anergia tuberculínica; 2) con infección latente niños reactores a la tuberculina (lecturas de 5 o más mm), pero sin elementos de enfermedad activa; y 3) enfermos niños con criterios clínicos y/o radiológicos de tuberculosis activa, independientemente del resultado de la prueba de Mantoux y los estudios microbiológicos.

RESULTADOS:

se estudió una media de 1,5 menores de 15 años por cada caso índice, con una edad media de 6,7 años, con predominio de los prescolares (63= 44,1 %) y el sexo masculino (87= 60,8 %). La mayoría se consideraron expuestos (124= 86,9 %); la cuarta parte de los niños con exposición intradomiciliaria se infectaron o enfermaron (16/62= 25,8 %), resultado muy superior a la extradomiciliaria (3/81= 3,7 %). Se diagnosticaron 3 enfermos 2 formas pulmonares primarias, y una adenitis (entre 1 y 5 años), que representan el 60 % de los casos infantiles diagnosticados en el municipio en ese quinquenio. Se identificaron errores no registro de la quimioprofilaxis primaria (55= 38,4 %), inicio tardío del control de foco (39= 27,3 %), y la no realización de la prueba de Mantoux o radiografía torácica al inicio (24= 16,7 %), entre otros.

CONCLUSIONES:

es necesario fortalecer la capacitación del personal de salud y el cumplimiento de los procedimientos establecidos en el Programa, para garantizar la calidad de los controles de foco, y contribuir a la eliminación de la tuberculosis como problema de salud.
ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION:

the children become infected with tuberculosis from contact with sick adults, most often at home.

OBJECTIVE:

to evaluate the quality of tuberculosis foci control actions in exposed children.

METHODS:

retrospective and descriptive study of tuberculosis foci control actions conducted in 143 children aged less than 15 years, who had been in contact with 95 sick persons in 10 de Octubre municipality in Havana. They were classified into 3 categories 1) exposed children with no clinical, radiological or microbiological elements of active disease and tuberculin anergy; 2) latent infective children reacting to tuberculin (5 mm or more readings), but with no active disease elements, and 3) ill children with clinical and/or radiological criteria of active tuberculosis regardless of the Mantoux's test results and the microbiological studies.

RESULTS:

a mean of 1.5 children under 15 years of age per index case, average age of 6.7 years, predominating preschoolers (63= 44.1 %) and males (87= 60.8 %). Most of them were considered exposed (124= 86.9 %); a quarter of the children exposed at home became infected or sick (16 out of 62= 25.8 %), and this result was much higher than the outdoor exposure (3 out of 81= 3.7 %). Three sick children were diagnosed-two had primary pulmonary forms and one had adenitis (one to 5 years-old). They accounted for 60% of the pediatric cases diagnosed in the municipality in this 5-year period. The identified errors were non-registration of primary chemoprophylaxis (55= 38.4%), late starting of focus control (39= 27.3 %) and non-performance of Mantoux's test or thorax X-ray at the very beginning (24= 16.7 %) among others.

CONCLUSIONS:

it is necessary to strengthen the training of the health staff and the compliance with the procedures set by the National Program, in order to assure the quality of focus controls and to contribute to the eradication of tuberculosis as a health problem.
Subject(s)

Full text: Available Collection: International databases Health context: Sustainable Health Agenda for the Americas / SDG3 - Health and Well-Being / Neglected Diseases Health problem: Goal 9: Noncommunicable diseases and mental health / Goal 10: Communicable diseases / Target 3.3: End transmission of communicable diseases / Target 3.4: Reduce premature mortality due to noncommunicable diseases / Neglected Diseases / Tuberculosis Database: LILACS Main subject: Tuberculosis, Pulmonary / Child Type of study: Observational study / Prognostic study Limits: Adolescent / Humans Language: Spanish Journal: Rev. cuba. pediatr Journal subject: Pediatrics Year: 2014 Document type: Article Affiliation country: Cuba Institution/Affiliation country: Hospital Pediátrico de Centro Habana/CU
Full text: Available Collection: International databases Health context: Sustainable Health Agenda for the Americas / SDG3 - Health and Well-Being / Neglected Diseases Health problem: Goal 9: Noncommunicable diseases and mental health / Goal 10: Communicable diseases / Target 3.3: End transmission of communicable diseases / Target 3.4: Reduce premature mortality due to noncommunicable diseases / Neglected Diseases / Tuberculosis Database: LILACS Main subject: Tuberculosis, Pulmonary / Child Type of study: Observational study / Prognostic study Limits: Adolescent / Humans Language: Spanish Journal: Rev. cuba. pediatr Journal subject: Pediatrics Year: 2014 Document type: Article Affiliation country: Cuba Institution/Affiliation country: Hospital Pediátrico de Centro Habana/CU
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