Hacia una administración consensuada de los recursos hídricos en ecociudades / Towards a consensus management of water resources in ecocities

RESUMEN

La administración de los recursos hídricos es un tema de suma discusión ya que de ella depende la construcción de una ciudad sustentable en su agenda, gestión y participación. Empero, las políticas públicas relativas al abastecimiento de agua parecen estar centradas en una oferta desmedida ya no por la disponibilidad ni el consumo, sino por la información que los medios difunden acerca de una fuente de abastecimientoo conflicto entre autoridades y usuarios. En este sentido, es menester revisar los conceptos de oportunidades, capacidades, responsabilidades, habitus y espacialidades para discutir su vinculación con otros tales como encuadre, agenda o sustentabilidad. En el marco de la ciudad sustentable, tal ejercicio, permitirá anticipar la relación existente entre autoridades y usuarios en referencia a los medios de comunicación. Precisamente, la administración sería sustentable si el sistema de tarifas incluyera los conceptos que explican las relaciones entre los actores políticos, mediáticos y civiles implicados.

ABSTRACT

The management of water resources is subject to a payment system from which the state regulates public service water supply. These are rates that promote or restrict water consumption as water availability, the cost of extraction, treatment and distribution, or the degree of local human development. In either case the authorities determine the supply and demand assuming that civil society will adjust their life styles to public policy. In this sense, the media spread information that may be consistent or not the tariff policy and supply, however as the information is disseminated to the social sectors, a phenomenon known as emerging public agenda. It is the construction of public opinion on the evaluation of public policies and the inclusion of issues management for the sustainability of water resources. This is how the public agenda on water supply is limited to two axes saving or waste of water resources. In the first case, the increase of tariffs favors an austere life in the vulnerable, marginalized and excluded. In the second case, the rates encourage wasteful life style in those social groups with higher incomes. Indeed, public policies for billing system generate a gap between the social sectors. It is therefore required to discuss other psychological factors as setting an agenda for the management of water resources is shaped not only by authorities but by users of public services. Given that the right to the city means access to resources, citizenship as a user of urban services, is a co-participant and co-responsible for water conservation for future generations. In the context of sustainable cities, government decisions are carried out considering not only the freedoms, opportunities, capabilities and responsibilities of users, it is also necessary to analyze their influence processes concerning compliance, obedience and innovation that derived from a schedule and fare system of water service. In a situation of scarcity, the majority influence has been studied from hoarding water while in the minority influence has been investigated from reuse. Both phenomena impact people's opinions because those who inhabit the periphery of cities are forced to kidnap pipes, boycott installations confront its authorities, or have developed styles of trust and cooperation that allow them to survive droughts or floods. Consequently, the assessment of water supply and pricing policy is determined by lifestyle and those put forth by these psychological processes. This means that the establishment of a public agenda includes issues such as influence, identity, reliability, entrepreneurship, social capital, sense of community, social representations, habitus, and fields of power, attitudes, beliefs, perceptions, skills, motives, decisions and behaviors. The elucidation of the relationship of each of these elements will anticipate the impact of public policies on current and future civil spheres, as well as public participation in the conservation of water resources, the public poured in social networks and their impact on the dissemination of media. Indeed, the objective of this work lies in the presentation, analysis and discussion of the relationship between users and public administrators in situations of irregular water supply and tariff increases. The media disseminated information about a source of supply or conflict between authorities and users. In this sense, it is necessary to review the concepts of opportunity, skills, responsibilities, habitus and spatialities to discuss their relationship with others such as framing, book or sustainability. As part of the sustainable city, this year, will anticipate the relationship between authorities and users in reference to the media. Indeed, the administration would be sustainable if the fare system to include concepts that explain the relationships between political, media and civil actors.