Zinc is an essential cofactor for type I isopentenyl diphosphate:dimethylallyl diphosphate isomerase.

Isopentenyl diphosphate (IPP) isomerase catalyzes the interconversion of IPP and dimethylallyl diphosphate (DMAPP). This is an essential reaction in the mevalonate pathway for biosynthesis of isoprenoid compounds. A crystal structure of Escherichia coli type I IPP isomerase shows a his3glu2 octahedral metal binding site (Durbecq, V. et al. EMBO, 2001, 20, 1530-1537). A metal ion analysis of recombinant E. coli type I IPP isomerase purified from metal-free buffer or buffer containing 10 muM ZnCl2 and 10 muM MnCl2 indicated that the protein contained one atom of Zn2+ per molecule. The metal content and the activity of the enzyme did not change when dialyzed for 6 h against metal-free buffer but rapidly decreased upon dialysis against buffer containing o-phenanthroline. Structural and catalytic roles for Zn2+ are discussed.