A developmental perspective of the relationship of racial-ethnic identity to self-construct, achievement, and behavior in African American children.
Cultur Divers Ethnic Minor Psychol
; 15(2): 145-57, 2009 Apr.
Article
in En
| MEDLINE
| ID: mdl-19364201
This longitudinal study examines the development of racial-ethnic identity among African American children. Racial preferences were assessed in early elementary school with the Racial Attitudes, Beliefs, and Stereotypes Measure-II, a projective technique using paired comparisons of pictures of African American, Asian, Latino, and Caucasian children. Racial-ethnic identity in 3rd grade was assessed using the Multi-Ethnic Identity Measure Ethnic Belonging subscale. Multilevel models indicated that own-group racial preferences increased with age. Second-grade own-group preferences were positively related to 3rd-grade racial-ethnic identity scores. Third-grade racial-ethnic identity was associated positively with self-esteem variables (scholastic, social, physical appearance, and behavioral) and with academic performance. Identity correlated negatively with parent-rated aggression and externalizing and internalizing behaviors. The findings suggest that children's racial-ethnic identity develops differentially by gender, with girls showing faster growth but lower initial ethnic identity. Racial-ethnic identity was shown to be modestly but statistically significantly associated with various important child outcomes.
Full text:
1
Collection:
01-internacional
Database:
MEDLINE
Main subject:
Social Identification
/
Socialization
/
Black or African American
/
Child Behavior
/
Child Development
Type of study:
Observational_studies
/
Prognostic_studies
/
Risk_factors_studies
Limits:
Child
/
Female
/
Humans
/
Male
Language:
En
Journal:
Cultur Divers Ethnic Minor Psychol
Journal subject:
CIENCIAS SOCIAIS
/
PSICOLOGIA
Year:
2009
Document type:
Article
Affiliation country:
United States
Country of publication:
United States