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Appetite-Regulating Hormones in Human Milk: A Plausible Biological Factor for Obesity Risk Reduction?
Larson-Meyer, D Enette; Schueler, Jessica; Kyle, Erin; Austin, Kathleen J; Hart, Ann Marie; Alexander, Brenda M.
Affiliation
  • Larson-Meyer DE; 118739 Department of Family and Consumer Sciences (Human Nutrition), University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY, USA.
  • Schueler J; 118739 Department of Family and Consumer Sciences (Human Nutrition), University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY, USA.
  • Kyle E; 118739 Department of Family and Consumer Sciences (Human Nutrition), University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY, USA.
  • Austin KJ; 4416 Department of Animal Science, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY, USA.
  • Hart AM; 118739 School of Nursing, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY, USA.
  • Alexander BM; 4416 Department of Animal Science, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY, USA.
J Hum Lact ; 37(3): 603-614, 2021 08.
Article in En | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33030994
BACKGROUND: Human milk contains appetite-regulating hormones that may influence infant growth and obesity risk. RESEARCH AIMS: We evaluated whether leptin, peptide tyrosine-tyrosine (PYY), glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), and ghrelin concentrations in human milk (1) changed during feeding (from foremilk to hindmilk) and during the first 6 months of infancy; (2) were explained by maternal factors; and (3) were associated with infant anthropometrics and growth. METHODS: Mother-infant dyads (N = 22) participated. Samples of foremilk and hindmilk at 1 month postpartum were collected and analyzed for leptin, PYY, GLP-1, and ghrelin via radioimmunoassay and milkfat percentage estimated via creamatocrit. Samples were also collected in mothers (n = 15) who breastfed through 6 months. Anthropometrics were obtained on all mother-infant dyads at 1 month and all infants at 6 months and 12 months. RESULTS: At 1 month, milk GLP-1 and milkfat concentration increased from foremilk to hindmilk (p ≤ .05) while leptin and PYY concentrations remained stable during feeding. Milk hormone concentrations and milkfat tended to decline overtime, with lower leptin, PYY, and ghrelin at 6 months versus 1 month (p < .05). At 1 month, milk leptin and milkfat content were associated with maternal markers of adiposity (r = 0.49-0.78, p < .001); whereas, milk PYY was correlated with maternal serum PYY concentration (r = 0.672, p = .001). Average 1-month milk concentrations of GLP-1 and leptin were negatively associated with weight-for-age z-scores at 6 months (r = -0.46, p < .05) and 12 months (r = -0.49, p < .05), respectively. CONCLUSION: The content of certain appetite-regulating hormones in human milk may be influenced by maternal factors and play a role in infant growth; much needs to be learned about their role in the obesity protection of breastfed infants.
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Full text: 1 Collection: 01-internacional Database: MEDLINE Main subject: Appetite / Milk, Human Type of study: Etiology_studies / Risk_factors_studies Limits: Female / Humans / Infant Language: En Journal: J Hum Lact Journal subject: ENFERMAGEM / OBSTETRICIA Year: 2021 Document type: Article Affiliation country: United States Country of publication: United States

Full text: 1 Collection: 01-internacional Database: MEDLINE Main subject: Appetite / Milk, Human Type of study: Etiology_studies / Risk_factors_studies Limits: Female / Humans / Infant Language: En Journal: J Hum Lact Journal subject: ENFERMAGEM / OBSTETRICIA Year: 2021 Document type: Article Affiliation country: United States Country of publication: United States