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Advances, Implications, and Limitations of Low-Crude-Protein Diets in Pig Production.
Rocha, Gabriel Cipriano; Duarte, Marcos Elias; Kim, Sung Woo.
Affiliation
  • Rocha GC; Department of Animal Science, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa 36570-900, MG, Brazil.
  • Duarte ME; Department of Animal Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA.
  • Kim SW; Department of Animal Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA.
Animals (Basel) ; 12(24)2022 Dec 09.
Article in En | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36552397
Currently, five crystalline essential amino acids (Lys, Met, Thr, Trp, and Val) are generally used, allowing formulation of low-crude-protein (CP) diets. Moreover, Ile may also be used depending on its economic value and the specific feeding program. Experimentally, it has been shown that further reduced CP levels can be achieved by supplemental His, Leu, and Phe to the diets. However, decreasing the dietary CP level while maintaining optimal ratios of amino acids has shown contradictory effects on pigs' growth performance. Due to the divergence in the literature and the importance for practical formulation strategies in the swine industry, a literature review and a meta-analysis were performed to estimate the minimum CP level that would not compromise pig performance. Based on the present review, there is a minimum CP level after which the growth performance of pigs can be compromised, even though diets are balanced for essential amino acids. Considering average daily gain and gain to feed, respectively, these levels were estimated to be 18.4% CP (95% confidence interval [CI]: 16.3 to 18.4) and 18.3% CP (95% CI: 17.4 to 19.2) for nursery, 16.1% CP (95% CI: 16.0 to 16.2) and 16.3% CP (95% CI: 14.5 to 18.0) for growing, and 11.6% CP (95% CI: 10.8 to 12.3) and 11.4% CP (95% CI: 10.3 to 12.5) for finishing pigs.
Key words

Full text: 1 Collection: 01-internacional Database: MEDLINE Language: En Journal: Animals (Basel) Year: 2022 Document type: Article Affiliation country: Brazil Country of publication: Switzerland

Full text: 1 Collection: 01-internacional Database: MEDLINE Language: En Journal: Animals (Basel) Year: 2022 Document type: Article Affiliation country: Brazil Country of publication: Switzerland