Gut microbiota interventions in type 2 diabetes mellitus: An umbrella review of glycemic indices.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: We aimed to explore how probiotics, prebiotics, or synbiotics impact glycemic indices in patients with diabetes mellitus. METHOD: A comprehensive search was conducted on PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science from inception up to April 2023. The random-effects model was employed for the study analysis. Furthermore, sensitivity and subgroup analyses were conducted to investigate potential sources of heterogeneity. AMSTAR2 checklist was used to determine the quality of studies. Comprehensive meta-analysis version 3 was used for the study analysis. RESULT: A total of 31 studies were included in the final analysis. Based on the results of the meta-analysis, gut microbial therapy could significantly decrease serum fasting blood glucose levels in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (effect size -0.211; 95 % CI -0.257, -0.164; P < 0.001). Additionally, significant associations were also found between gut microbial therapy and improved serum levels of fasting insulin, glycated hemoglobin, and homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance (effect size -0.087; 95 % confidence interval -0.120, -0.053; P < 0.001; effect size -0.166; 95 % confidence interval -0.200, -0.132; P < 0.001; effect size -0.230; 95 % confidence interval -0.288, -0.172; P < 0.001, respectively). CONCLUSION: Our results revealed promising effects of gut microbiota modulation on glycemic profile of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. The use of these agents as additional treatments can be considered.