Determinants of Disease Progression in Autosomal Dominant Polycystic Kidney Disease.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Despite its severity, there has been a lack of adequate study on autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) in Ethiopia. This study assessed the clinical profile and determinant factors contributing to renal disease progression. METHODS: A retrospective study was conducted on 114 patients for 6 years in Addis Ababa. Patients with ADPKD who had follow-up visits at two health centers were included. RESULTS: The mean age at diagnosis was 42.7 ± 12.7 years, with 43% reporting a positive family history of ADPKD. Approximately 22 patients (20%) developed end-stage renal disease, and 12 patients died. The mean estimated glomerular filtration rate at the initial visit was 72.4 mL/min/1.73 m2. The key risk factors associated with disease progression included younger age at diagnosis [adjusted Odds Ratio (aOR) 0.92, 95% CI 0.87-0.98; p = 0.007], male gender (aOR 4.5, 95% CI 1.3-15.95, p = 0.017), higher baseline systolic blood pressure (aOR 1.05, 95% CI 1.01-1.10, p = 0.026), and the presence of comorbidities (aOR 3.95, 95% CI 1.10-14.33, p = 0.037). The progression of renal disease in ADPKD patients significantly correlates with age at diagnosis, gender, presence of comorbidities, and higher baseline systolic blood pressure. CONCLUSIONS: These findings underscore the importance of early detection and management of hypertension and comorbidities in ADPKD patients to mitigate disease progression and improve treatment outcomes.