A review of the substance use disorders section of the DSM-IV.

The DSM-IV work groups are the first to be given the opportunity to document carefully all stages of deliberations and make decisions based on carefully constructed and data-based criteria. The 5-year process has encouraged the use of detailed literature reviews and allowed members of the working groups to generate data from both MacArthur analyses and field trials to make the most appropriate decisions possible. The Substance Use Disorders Work Group was faced with a potentially infinite number of questions that could be asked. The guidelines presented at the beginning of this article, especially the focus on areas in which data are already available or might potentially be generated from a field trial, allowed our Work Group to focus on a limited number of questions. With rare exceptions, each of these areas was evaluated by the thorough literature reviews that have formed the chapters that make up this section of the Sourcebook. Our goals are relatively straightforward. It is important that clinicians, researchers, administrators, and those who will work the DSM-IV process have full access to the state of the literature that existed in the late 1980s and early 1990s, and the decision-making process that was used to address the issues that affected the DSM-IV. It is hoped that this article will not only help readers to understand both how and why the DSM-IV Substance Use Disorders Work Group made the relevant decisions, but will also encourage active research to answer more fully the potentially important questions raised in these reviews.