Incidence and Outcomes of Pulmonary embolism among hospitalized COVID-19 patients

ABSTRACT

BackgroundPatients with COVID-19 may be at high risk for thrombotic complications due to excess inflammatory response and stasis of blood flow. This study aims to assess the incidence of pulmonary embolism among hospitalized patients with COVID-19, risk factors and the impact on survival. MethodA retrospective case-control study was conducted at Al-Noor Specialist Hospital in, Saudi Arabia between March 15, 2020, and June 15, 2020. Patients with confirmed COVID-19 diagnosis by a real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and confirmed diagnosis of pulmonary embolism by Computed Tomography pulmonary angiogram (CTPA) formed the case group. Patients with confirmed COVID-19 diagnosis by a real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and without confirmed diagnose of pulmonary embolism formed the control group. Logistic regression analysis was used to identify predictors of pulmonary embolism and its survival. ResultsA total of 159 patients participated were included in the study, of which 51 were the cases (patients with pulmonary embolism) and 108 patients formed the control group (patients without pulmonary embolism). The incidence of PE among hospitalized was around 32%. Smoking history, low level of oxygen saturation and higher D-dimer values were important risk factors that were associated with a higher risk of developing PE (p< 0.05). Higher respiratory rate was associated with higher odds of death, and decrease the possibility of survival among hospitalised patients with PE. ConclusionPulmonary embolism is common among hospitalized patients with COVID-19. Preventive measures should be considered for hospitalized patients with smoking history, low level of oxygen saturation, high D-dimer values, and high respiratory rate.