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Vaccine Effectiveness Against Hospitalization Among Adolescent and Pediatric SARS-CoV-2 Cases in Ontario, Canada
Alison E. Simmons; Afia Amoako; Alicia Grima; Kiera Murison; Sarah A Buchan; Ashleigh Tuite; David Fisman.
Affiliation
  • Alison E. Simmons; University of Toronto
  • Afia Amoako; University of Toronto
  • Alicia Grima; University of Toronto
  • Kiera Murison; University of Toronto
  • Sarah A Buchan; Public Health Ontario
  • Ashleigh Tuite; University of Toronto
  • David Fisman; University of Toronto
Preprint in English | medRxiv | ID: ppmedrxiv-22272919
ABSTRACT
BackgroundVaccines against SARS-CoV-2 have been shown to reduce risk of infection, as well as severe disease among those with breakthrough infection, in adults. The latter effect is particularly important as Immune evasion by Omicron variants appears to have made vaccines less effective for prevention of infection. There is currently little available information on the protection conferred by vaccination against severe illness due to SARS-CoV-2 in children. MethodsTo minimize confounding by changing vaccination practices and dominant circulating viral variants, we performed an age- and time-matched nested case-control design. Reported SARS-CoV-2 case records in Ontario children and adolescents aged 4 to 17 were linked to vaccination records. We used multivariable logistic regression to estimate the effectiveness of one and two vaccine doses against hospitalization. ResultsWe identified 130 hospitalized SARS-CoV-2 cases and 1,300 non-hospitalized, age- and time-matched controls, with disease onset between May 28, 2021 and January 9, 2022. One vaccine dose was shown to be 34% effective against hospitalization among SARS-CoV-2 cases (aOR = 0.66 [95% CI 0.34, 1.21]). In contrast, two doses were 56% (aOR = 0.44 [95% CI 0.23, 0.83]) effective at preventing hospitalization among SARS-CoV-2 cases. Exploratory instrumental variable analyses, and calculation of E-values, suggested that these effects are unlikely to be explained by unmeasured confounding. ConclusionsEven with immune evasion by SARS-CoV-2 variants, two vaccine doses continue to provide protection against hospitalization among adolescent and pediatric SARS-CoV-2 cases, even when the vaccines do not prevent infection.
License
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Full text: Available Collection: Preprints Database: medRxiv Type of study: Experimental_studies / Observational study / Prognostic study Language: English Year: 2022 Document type: Preprint
Full text: Available Collection: Preprints Database: medRxiv Type of study: Experimental_studies / Observational study / Prognostic study Language: English Year: 2022 Document type: Preprint
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