What evidence is there for the prevention and screening of osteoporosis?

ABSTRACT

This is a Health Evidence Network (HEN) synthesis report seeking to determine the effectiveness of the prevention and screening of osteoporosis. The review of evidence shows that several measures, such as moderate physical activity, an appropriate intake of calcium and vitamin D, cessation of smoking and pharmaceutical intervention in high-risk groups for preventing osteoporosis are effective. The review found no direct evidence that screening for osteoporosis reduces fractures, but it shows that there is good indirect evidence that screening is effective in identifying postmenopausal women with low bone mineral density and that treating osteoporosis can reduce the risk of fractures (wrist and spine) in this population. HEN, initiated and coordinated by the WHO Regional Office for Europe, is an information service for public health and health care decision-makers in the WHO European Region. Other interested parties might also benefit from HEN.