The Effect of XIAP and Its Application in Tumor / 中国生物化学与分子生物学报

ABSTRACT

It has been found that X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis (XIAP) is the most characteristic and strongest inhibition of apoptosis proteins. The characteristic structures of XIAP are BIR domain and RING domain, which are important structures for XIAP to play an anti- apoptotic role. A variety of endogenous inhibitory proteins (XAF1, SMAC and OMI) can also inhibit XIAP’s anti-apoptotic effect in different ways. XIAP can directly inhibit the initiation and persistence of apoptosis pathway of caspase. XIAP participates in the death receptor pathway and mitochondrial pathway of inhibiting apoptosis in a variety of ways, such as directly binds to caspases, and activates NF-кB way and other signal pathways, which is essential for regulating the survival and development of tumor cells. XIAP is highly expressed in many kinds of tumor tissues. The high expression of XIAP is closely related to the occurrence and development, drug resistance, treatment and prognosis of tumors. XIAP deletion can significantly reduce the tumorigenicity of tumor cells, and XIAP is the downstream factor of cell apoptosis formed by blocking multiple signal pathways. Therefore, XIAP has become a new target for clinical anticancer drug design. At present, three potential directions of XIAP application in clinical treatment of cancer are small molecule inhibitors, antisense oligonucleotide inhibitors and XIAP gene silencing. This paper will introduce the biological function of XIAP against apoptosis and its role in the occurrence and development, drug resistance, treatment and prognosis of tumor diseases.