A case-control study on risk factors of hypospadias / 中华流行病学杂志
Chinese Journal of Epidemiology
; (12): 261-264, 2004.
Article
in Chinese
| WPRIM (Western Pacific)
| ID: wpr-342340
Responsible library:
WPRO
ABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>Hypospadias is one of the most commonly seen urogenital congenital malformations in males and to identify its etiological factors.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A hospital-based case-control study was conducted, with 107 hypospadias cases. Two matched controls per case were randomly selected. Both cases and controls were face to face interviewed with a uniformed questionnaire. Conditional logistic regression model was used for univariable and multivariate analysis on SAS 6.12 to estimate odds ratios (OR) and 95 per cent confidence internals (95% CI).</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Data from multiple conditional logistic regression analysis showed that hypospadias was positively associated with maternal history of spontaneous abortion (OR = 3.87, 95% CI 1.60 - 9.39), with threatened abortion in the first or second trimester (OR = 3.57, 95% CI 1.31 - 9.64), with common cold accompanied fever in the first trimester (OR = 7.63, 95% CI 2.50 - 23.24), with maternal drug (antibiotic, analgesiscs) exposure during the second trimester (OR = 16.46, 95% CI 3.46 - 78.21), with paternal exposure to pesticides occupationally (OR = 3.70,95% CI 1.49 - 9.16), with neonatal low birth weight (OR = 12.62, 95% CI 2.97 - 53.67), but was negatively associated with maternal diet supplemented with protein in the first trimester (OR = 0.33, 95% CI 0.15 - 0.74).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>The risk factors of hypospadias seemed to include maternal history of spontaneous abortion, threatened abortion in the first or second trimester, maternal common cold accompanied fever in the first trimester, maternal drug exposure during the second trimester, paternal occupational exposure to pesticides, neonatal low birth weight. However, maternal diet supplemented with protein probably acted as the protective factor for neonatal hypospadias in the first trimester.</p>
Full text:
Available
Health context:
SDG3 - Target 3.9 Reduce the amount of deaths produced by dangerous chemicals and the pollution of the air, water and soil
Health problem:
Occupational Exposures
Database:
WPRIM (Western Pacific)
Main subject:
Case-Control Studies
/
Logistic Models
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Multivariate Analysis
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Surveys and Questionnaires
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Risk Factors
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Hospitals
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Hypospadias
Type of study:
Etiology study
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Observational study
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Prognostic study
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Qualitative research
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Risk factors
Limits:
Adolescent
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Child
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Child, preschool
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Humans
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Infant
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Male
Language:
Chinese
Journal:
Chinese Journal of Epidemiology
Year:
2004
Document type:
Article