Treatment of Infantile Haemangiomas with 585nm pulsed dye laser

ABSTRACT

Haemangiomas usually develop within the first few weeks of life, most regressing spontaneously before the age of 7 to 10 years. Some may ulcerate or compromise a vital function, in which case systemic corticosteroids, surgery or radiotherapy may be helpful. All of these treatment modalities are associated with significant morbidity. Treatment with 585nm flashlamp pulsed dye laser is safe and effective in the management of ulcerated and superficial proliferating haemangiomas. We report a retrospective review of 33 children under the age 12 months, who were treated at our centre with 585nm pulsed dye laser over a period of 4 years. Forty eight percent of these children presented with rapidly proliferating haemangiomas causing functional impairment, 40% with ulcerated haemangiomas and others for re-growth after stopping oral treatment. Patients were treated with the 585nm pulsed dye laser (fluence 5.5-7J/cm2; spot size 7mm and duration 0.45s). Patients received treatment until the lesion was almost clear or until lesion failed to respond. All lesions ulcerated haemangiomas healed after an average 3 treatment. Both the physician and parental perception of improvement were analysed based on three parameters, which include reduction in redness, thickness and size. All the haemangiomas showed significant reduction in size, thickness and colour. Less than 1% of patients had atrophic scaring. We conclude that the flashlamp-pulsed dye laser may successfully prevent enlargement and promote involution of superficial haemangiomas with minimal adverse effect. Therapy is most appropriate for patients with ulcerated haemangiomas and haemangiomas at sites of potential functional impairment.