Genome Engineering for Osteoarthritis: From Designer Cells to Disease-Modifying Drugs
Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine
; (6): 335-343, 2019.
Article
in English
| WPRIM (Western Pacific)
| ID: wpr-761916
Responsible library:
WPRO
ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND:
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a highly prevalent degenerative joint disease involving joint cartilage and its surrounding tissues. OA is the leading cause of pain and disability worldwide. At present, there are no disease-modifying OA drugs, and the primary therapies include exercise and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs until total joint replacement at the end-stage of the disease.METHODS:
In this review, we summarized the current state of knowledge in genetic and epigenetic associations and risk factors for OA and their potential diagnostic and therapeutic applications.RESULTS:
Genome-wide association studies and analysis of epigenetic modifications (such as miRNA expression, DNA methylation and histone modifications) conducted across various populations support the notion that there is a genetic basis for certain subsets of OA pathogenesis.CONCLUSION:
With recent advances in the development of genome editing technologies such as the CRISPR-Cas9 system, these genetic and epigenetic alternations in OA can be used as platforms from which potential biomarkers for the diagnosis, prognosis, drug response, and development of potential personalized therapeutic targets for OA can be approached. Furthermore, genome editing has allowed the development of “designer” cells, whereby the receptors, gene regulatory networks, or transgenes can be modified as a basis for new cell-based therapies.
Full text:
Available
Health context:
SDG3 - Target 3.4 Reduce premature mortality due to noncommunicable diseases
Health problem:
Musculoskeletal Diseases and Rheumatic Disorders
Database:
WPRIM (Western Pacific)
Main subject:
Osteoarthritis
/
Prognosis
/
Histones
/
Biomarkers
/
Cartilage
/
Risk Factors
/
Genome
/
Transgenes
/
DNA Methylation
/
MicroRNAs
Type of study:
Diagnostic study
/
Etiology study
/
Prognostic study
/
Risk factors
Limits:
Humans
Language:
English
Journal:
Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine
Year:
2019
Document type:
Article