Prevalence and risk factors of chronic kidney disease in high-risk population in Minhang district of Shanghai / 第二军医大学学报

ABSTRACT

Objective To analyze the prevalence and related risk factors of chronic kidney disease (CKD) in the high-risk residents in Minhang District of Shanghai, so as to provide recommendation for the prevention of CKD. Methods A total of 22 811 subjects with high risk of CKD in Minhang District of Shanghai were screened by cluster random sampling method. The clinical data from the population were collected by questionnaire, physical examination and laboratory examination, and were analyzed by Mann-Whitney U test, Kruskal-Wallis test and logistic regression analysis. Results Among the 22 811 subjects, 9 605 (42.1%) were males and 13 206 (57.9%) were females. The number of suspected CKD patients was 5 989 (26.3%, 5 989/22 811) and the number of CKD patients was 1 633 (7.2%, 1 633/22 811). The detection rates of positive urinary protein and abnormal urinary red blood cell count in the males were significantly lower than those in the females (P0.01); there were no significant differences in the detection rates of abnormal estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) or abnormal urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio (UACR) between different genders (P0.05). The detection rates of the above indexes in the non-aged group (65 years old) were lower than those in the elderly group (≥65 years old). There were no significant differences in the detection rates of positive urinary protein or abnormal UACR between different age groups (P0.05), while the detection rates of abnormal urine red blood cell count and abnormal eGFR were significantly different between different age groups (P0.01). Gender, age, body weight, height, blood pressure, history of hypertension, history of diabetes, hyperuricemia and history of renal transplantation were risk factors of CKD (P0.05), while body mass index, history of genetic kidney disease, family history of chronic nephritis, history of renal tubules lesions, renal ultrasound structural abnormalities and history of renal biopsy were not related to the occurrence of CKD (P0.05). Conclusion Early screening, early intervention and standardized health management are necessary measures to reduce the incidence of CKD in high-risk population of CKD. Specific measures include real-time control of high-risk factors (blood pressure, blood glucose and so on), developing targeted regular health examination program, and strengthening the screening of CKD in elderly people, which can delay and control the CKD.