Diagnosis and Clinical Management of Esophageal Squamous Dysplasia

ABSTRACT

Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma is the seventh most common cancer and the sixth most common cause of cancer death worldwide. Esophageal squamous dysplasia is the only histopathology that predicts the development of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. It is difficult to identify esophageal squamous dysplasia by conventional endoscopy; however, Lugol chromoendoscopy is useful for the diagnosis of such a lesion. In addition, advance endoscopic detection techniques, such as image-enhanced endoscopy (especially, narrow-band imaging), magnifying endoscopy, and endocytoscopy, are helpful in detecting esophageal squamous dysplasia. Similar to the treatment for early esophageal cancer, endoscopic resection such as endoscopic mucosal resection and endoscopic submucosal dissection is the choice of treatment for esophageal squamous dysplasia. This review discusses esophageal squamous dysplasia in detail, especially in terms of endoscopic diagnosis and clinical management.