La enfermera, clave en el cuidado de los pacientes con síndrome de intestino irritable / The key role of nurses in care for patients with irritable bowel syndrome

RESUMEN

OBJETIVO: determinar el rol de la enfermera en el proceso asistencial de las personas con síndrome de intestino irritable. MÉTODO: revisión narrativa a partir de búsqueda bibliográfica en diferentes bases de datos de Ciencias de la Salud: PubMed, Cinhal y Web of Science (WOS). Se utilizaron los siguientes términos de lenguaje controlado (MeSH): "irritable bowel syndrome", "nursing", "patient education as topic", "selfcare, self-management", "quality of life", "adaptation, psychological", "attitude to health", "patient acceptance of health care" y "patient compliance". RESULTADOS: se seleccionaron 20 artículos considerados relevantes para dar respuesta al objetivo de la revisión, de cuyo análisis se generaron dos categorías: a) barreras que dificultanel afrontamiento y el autocuidado en personas con síndrome de intestino irritable y b) intervenciones enfermeras dirigidas a la mejora de su calidad de vida. Se destacaba que la atención recibida era en ocasiones poco empática, la escasez de información ofertada por los profesionales sobre la enfermedad y que las intervenciones han de estar centradas en la educación al paciente. CONCLUSIONES: la educación al paciente genera resultados muy favorecedores en la calidad de vida y el alivio de los síntomas, así como en la comprensión de la enfermedad y su manejo en la vida diaria. El rol de la enfermera en este proceso educativo se centra en una relación terapéutica eficaz para el afrontamiento de la enfermedad. Los profesionales de Enfermería han de tomar conciencia de su importancia en este proceso, adquiriendo un rol activo en el cuidado del paciente con síndrome de intestino irritable

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: to determine the role of nurses in the process of care for persons with irritable bowel syndrome. METHOD: a narrative review based on the bibliographic search in different Health Sciences databases: PubMed, CINHAL and Web of Science (WOS). The following controlled vocabulary terms (MeSH) were used: "irritable bowel syndrome", "nursing", "patient education as topic", "selfcare, self-management", "quality of life", "adaptation, psychological", "attitude to health", "patient acceptance of health care" and "patient compliance". RESULTS: there was a selection of 20 articles considered relevant in order to give an answer to the objective of the review; two categories were generated from their analysis: a) barriers that impede coping and self-care in persons with irritable bowel syndrome, and b) Nursing interventions targeted to an improvement in their quality of life. It was pointed out that low empathy was occasionally present in the care received, that there was limited information offered by professionals about the disease, and that interventions must be focused on patient education. CONCLUSIONS: patient education generates very encouraging results in quality of life and symptom relief, as well as in terms of understanding the disease and its management in daily life. The role of the nurse in this education process must be focused on an effective therapeutic relationship in order to cope with the disease. Nursing professionals must be aware of their importance during this process, acquiring an active role in the care for patients with irritable bowel syndrome