End-of-life decisions in Swedish ICUs. How do physicians from the admitting department reason?

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: To study how physicians from the admitting department reason during the decision-making process to forego life-sustaining treatment of patients in intensive care units (ICUs). DESIGN: Qualitative interview that applies a phenomenological approach. SETTING: Two ICUs at one secondary and one tertiary referral hospital in Sweden. PARTICIPANTS: Seventeen admitting-department physicians who have participated in decisions to forego life-sustaining treatment. RESULTS: The decision-making process as it appeared from the physicians' experiences was complex, and different approaches to the process were observed. A pattern of five phases in the process emerged in the interviews. The physicians described the process principally as a medical one, with few ethical reflections. Decision-making was mostly done in collaboration with other physicians. Patients, family and nurses did not seem to play a significant role in the process. CONCLUSION: This study describes how physicians reasoned when confronted with real patient situations in which decisions to forego life-sustaining treatment were mainly based on medical--not ethical--considerations.