Cloning of the sixth complement component and, spatial and temporal expression profile of MAC structural and regulatory genes in chicken.

Humoral cytotoxicity results from the assembly of terminal components of complement, called membrane attack complex (MAC), which lead to the formation of pores on pathogen membranes. The complement components involved in MAC formation are C5b, C6, C7, C8alpha, C8beta, C8gamma and C9. Among them, C6 protein interacts with C5b through a metastable binding site to form a soluble C5b-6 dimer in the vicinity of the activating cell. Formation of the MAC is controlled by complement regulatory molecules, such as CD59, vitronectin and clusterin. Here, we report the molecular characterization of the C6 complement component, as well as the spatial and temporal expression profile of MAC structural (C6, C7, C8alpha, C8beta, C8gamma) and regulatory (CD59, vitronectin and clusterin) genes in chicken (Gallus gallus). The deduced polypeptide sequence of chicken C6 consists of 935 amino acid residues and exhibits 81%, 58%, 56% and 44% identity with zebra finch, human, frog and trout orthologs, respectively. The 'domain' architecture of chicken C6 resembles that of mammalian counterparts and the cysteine backbone is also conserved. MAC structural and regulatory genes are expressed in a wide range of adult chicken tissues, with the liver being the major source of their produced transcripts. The developmental expression profile of chicken MAC structural genes shows that their transcripts initially appear in the 12th embryonic day in the liver, exhibiting a pick in the 17th, while no expression was detected in the early whole embryo (day 4 and 6), as well as in the 2-day old neonate chicken liver. On the other hand, MAC regulatory genes are expressed in all the developmental stages investigated.