Monitoring and detection of cytomegalovirus in liver transplant recipients.

Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is a ß-herpesvirus. CMV infections are a common complication contributing to morbidity and mortality after liver transplantation. Among organ transplant recipients, CMV can reactivate from latency during the first 6 months. This prospective study performed from February 2008 to December 2009 examined liver transplant recipients during the first 6 months. Two methods were performed to detect CMV infections: antigenemia (AGM) and nested (PCR). Ninety-four patients, including 72 men (76.6%) and 22 women (23.4%) underwent liver transplantation during this period. We analyzed 575 samples including 465 for AGM and PCR. Forty-three (9.25%) showed positive AGM as detected 2 to 179 days posttransplantation with a mean of 50 days and a median of 35 days, and 93/465 (20%) showed positive PCR at 0 to 186 days posttransplantation with a mean of 31 days and a median of 38 days. Among the 43 antigenemia patients, 38 samples were positive for up to 5 cells 18 of which were PCR-positive. Five samples were positive with more than 5 cells, including 3 that were PCR-positive. Only 4.51% had AGM and were PCR-positive in the same sample. Despite only 9.25% (43/465) showing AGM, the current study suggested the utility of routine monitoring to detect early CMV infection among liver transplantation patients seeking to reduce morbidity and mortality.