Photochemical Synthesis and Catalytic Applications of Gold Nanoplates Fabricated Using Quercetin Diphosphate Macromolecules.

The demand for safer design and synthesis of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) is on the increase with the ultimate goal of producing clean nanomaterials for biological applications. We hereby present a rapid, greener, and photochemical synthesis of gold nanoplates with sizes ranging from 10 to 200 nm using water-soluble quercetin diphosphate (QDP) macromolecules. The synthesis was achieved in water without the use of surfactants, reducing agents, or polymers. The edge length of the triangular nanoplates ranged from 50 to 1200 nm. Furthermore, the reduction of methylene blue was used to investigate the catalytic activity of AuNPs. The catalytic activity of triangular AuNPs was three times higher than that of the spherical AuNPs based on kinetic rate constants (k). The rate constants were 3.44 × 10-2 and 1.11 × 10-2 s-1 for triangular and spherical AuNPs, respectively. The X-ray diffraction data of gold nanoplates synthesized by this method exhibited that the nanocrystals were mainly dominated by (111) facets which are in agreement to the nanoplates synthesized by using thermal and chemical approaches. The calculated relative diffraction peak intensity of (200), (220), and (311) in comparison with (111) was found to be 0.35, 0.17, and 0.15, respectively, which were lower than the corresponding standard values (JCPDS 04-0784). For example, (200)/(111) = 0.35 compared to 0.52 obtained from the standard (JCPDS 04-0784), indicating that the gold nanoplates are dominated by (111) facets. The calculated lattice from selected area electron diffraction data of the as-synthesized and after 1 year nanoplates was 4.060 and 4.088 Å, respectively. Our calculations were found to be in agreement with 4.078 Å for face-centered cubic gold (JCPDS 04-0784) and literature values of 4.07 Å. The computed QDP-Au complex demonstrated that the reduction process took place in the B ring of QDP. This approach contributes immensely to promoting the ideals of sustainable nanotechnology by eradicating the use of hazardous and toxic organic solvents.