Recurrent UTIs in Girls: What Is the Role of the Microbiome?

Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are one of the most common childhood bacterial infections. Recurrent UTIs can lead to renal scarring. Compared to boys, girls are more likely to develop scars as a result of recurrent UTIs. Therefore, there is a need to identify girls at high risk for recurrent UTIs and develop interventions to decrease the risk of recurrent UTIs. In this commentary, we will review the hypothesized pathophysiology of recurrent UTIs, explore the literature on the role of the microbiome in recurrent UTIs, focusing on female pediatric patients when able, and highlight the need for future research in this area.