Perceived roles and barriers to nurses' engagement in antimicrobial stewardship: A Thai qualitative case study.

BACKGROUND: Antimicrobial stewardship is the practice of ensuring the optimal use of antibiotics to prevent antimicrobial resistance. A multidisciplinary approach is considered best practice; however, little is known about nurses' contribution. OBJECTIVES: To explore how organisational multidisciplinary leaders and clinical nurses perceive nurses' roles in AMS in a single organisational site case study based in Thailand, within the current governance, educational and practice context, and the barriers to nurses' engagement in AMS. METHODS: A qualitative descriptive study using thematic analysis approach was conducted in a 1000-bed university hospital in Bangkok, Thailand. The combined number of organisational leaders and nurses was 33 including 15 individual organisational leader interviews and three focus groups involving 18 nurses. RESULTS: Nurses currently participate in AMS by supporting system processes, monitoring safety and optimal antibiotic use and patient education. A lack of clear articulation of nurses' role and traditional professional hierarchies limits active participation. Inconsistent engagement was perceived as due to a failure to prioritise AMS activities, a lack of formal policies and a need for further education. CONCLUSION: Nurses do engage in AMS but there are significant governance, hierarchical and educational impediments. These gaps need to be addressed before clearly defined nurse roles in AMS can be developed and embedded into clinical practice.