Energy landscapes on polymerized liquid crystal interfaces.

We measure and model monolayers of concentrated diffusing colloidal probes interacting with polymerized liquid crystal (PLC) planar surfaces. At topological defects in local nematic director profiles at PLC surfaces, we observe time-averaged two-dimensional particle density profiles of diffusing colloidal probes that closely correlate with spatial variations in PLC optical properties. An inverse Monte Carlo analysis of particle concentration profiles yields two-dimensional PLC interfacial energy landscapes on the kT-scale, which is the inherent scale of many interfacial phenomena (e.g., self-assembly, adsorption, diffusion). Energy landscapes are modelled as the superposition of macromolecular repulsion and van der Waals attraction based on an anisotropic dielectric function obtained from the liquid crystal birefringence. Modelled van der Waals landscapes capture most net energy landscape variations and correlate well with experimental PLC director profiles around defects. Some energy landscape variations near PLC defects indicate either additional local repulsive interactions or possibly the need for more rigorous van der Waals models with complete spectral data. These findings demonstrate direct, sensitive measurements of kT-scale van der Waals energy landscapes at PLC interfacial defects and suggest the ability to design interfacial anisotropic materials and van der Waals energy landscapes for colloidal assembly.