Biomarkers of Orthodontic Patients After Use of 1% Brazilian Red Propolis Toothpaste: A Randomized Clinical Study.

ABSTRACT

Aim: To evaluate the salivary biomarkers and plaque index after a treatment with a propolis-contained toothpaste. Materials and Methods: This is a longitudinal, randomized, double-blind study where 76 participants were randomized into two groups Group I Fluoridated Red Propolis toothpaste; Group II Fluoridated toothpaste. The participants were selected in a municipality without fluoridated public water. All participants received standardized oral hygiene instructions from the same instructor for 3 daily brushings (after breakfast, after lunch, and before bed) for a period of 2 min; Saliva samples were collected before (D0) and after 28 days (D28) of treatment for analysis of pH and total protein, amylase, and IL-10. Saliva was collected in the initial consultation and on return, totaling two collections. All samples were collected under the same conditions, by the same operator and between 900 AM and 1100 AM in order to minimize the influence of circadian rhythm on salivary flow. Results: On D0 and D28, the various treatments had no effect on total salivary proteins (G1 P = 0.0746; G2 P = 0.2144), and the pH stayed about the same. Additionally, there was no change in the amylase activity in G1 (P = 0.1877) or G2 (P = 0.4674). Significant decreases in G1 (P < 0.0001) and G2 (P = 0.03) were observed with IL-10. There was no statistically significant difference in the salivary flow between the BRP toothpaste-treated group (P = 0.172) and the commercial fluoridated toothpaste-treated group (P = 0.329). Compared to G2 (P = 0.03), G1 showed a superior decline in the plaque index (P = <0.0001). Conclusions: After 28 days of using the toothpastes, there were no changes in the amylase, pH, or total protein indicators. After 28 days, there was a decrease in the propolis group's IL-10 dose and plaque index.