Major depressive disorder: point prevalence, suicidal ideation, and risk factors among Sudanese children and adolescents during Sudan army conflict: a cross-sectional study.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Tiredness, poor concentration, disturbed sleep and poor appetite can all be caused by depression, which is a common mental disorder and a leading cause of disability worldwide. This study aimed to assess the prevalence of major depressive disorder, suicidal ideation, and risk factors in Sudanese children and adolescents during the Sudanese army conflict. METHODS: A descriptive cross-sectional community-based study was carried out among Sudanese children between 11 and 17 years old who living in Sudan at the start of the conflict by using a self-administered questionnaire under the guidance of parents, if necessary. The questionnaire was adapted from the Patients Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) checklist for the assessment of major depression disorder symptoms according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual Edition 5th Edition (DSM-5). The questionnaire was translated into Arabic by two expert translators, and its validity and reliability were confirmed. Data analysis was performed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences version 25 software, and descriptive analysis and any appropriate statistical tests were performed. RESULTS: Among the 963 participants, the mean age was 15.18 ± 2.1 years, 65.5% were female, and 67.7% had major depressive disorder. There was a significant relationship between MDD score, age, sex, current residency status, and traumatic event exposure, with P values less than 0.001 for all variables. CONCLUSION: Major depressive disorder was highly prevalent among Sudanese children and adolescents included in the present study. Additionally, suicidal ideation, which requires immediate intervention, was reported to be very high. The findings will help the government to provide proper mental health interventions for affected people.