A transversal study of biochemical profile, urinalysis, UPC, electrolytes and blood pressure in dogs with chronic kidney disease

ABSTRACT

Background: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) affects both dogs and cats, mainly elderly animals, due to tubulointerstitialinflammation associated with the increase of fibrosis through the excess deposition of extracellular matrix (ECM) whichleads to decrease glomerular filtration. Many different underlying renal diseases can affect the kidneys of dogs such ascongenital or acquired in origin. Therefore, the main objective of this transversal study was to evaluate the epidemiologythrough clinical and laboratory evaluation of 225 client-owned dogs with CKD.Materials, Methods & Results: Complete blood count (CBC), urinalysis, and biochemical profile were retrospectivelyselected and evaluated from 225 client-owned dogs with CKD of both sexes, different ages, and breeds from the patientpopulation of the Nephrology and Urology Small Animal Service of the Teaching Hospital of the School of VeterinaryMedicine and Animal Science - São Paulo State University from 2011 to 2017. All dogs were divided in groups according to the International Renal Interest Society (IRIS) CKD grading and statistical analysis was performed according toKruskal-Wallis non-parametric test complemented with Dunns multiple comparisons test, and analysis of variance for themodel with a factor complemented with the test of multiple comparisons of Tukey. In this retrospective study, we observedthat most dogs in all groups were elderly (≥ 9 years old). CBC demonstrated lower RBCs (P < 0.005), hemoglobin (P <0.001), hematocrit (Ht%) [P < 0.001] at the highest stage of the disease. However, urinary specific gravity (USG) did notdemonstrate significant differences between the disease stages, but urinary protein creatinine ratio (UPC) was statistically different (P < 0.01) between IRIS-CKD stages 1 and 4. Furthermore, serum phosphate concentrations demonstrated...(AU)