Assessment of Clinical Features and Haematocrit Levels in Detection of Hypoxaemia in Sick Children

ABSTRACT

This cross-sectional study was to determine the prevalence of hypoxaemia among sick children in EnuguState University Teaching Hospital, Enugu, Nigeria and correlate it with clinical features and haematocrit levels.Ninety-two (92) sick children aged 2­48 months hospitalised at the teaching hospital were recruited after obtaining consent from their carers.The prevalence of hypoxaemia in this study, defined by oxygen saturation of less than 90%, was 13%, and was not dependent on age or sex. A higher proportion of subjects with hypoxaemia had tachypnoea (81.8%),compared with those without (18.2%) (χ² = 1.69; p=0.19).The sensitivity of using tachypnoea alone to predict hypoxaemia was 18.4% while the specificity was 92.3%.The presence of hypoxaemia predicted poor outcome 66.7% of those that died had hypoxaemia. The difference was statistically significant (χ2= 17.9; p=0.00).Tachypnoea had a poor sensitivity although good specificity in predicting hypoxaemia. Presence of hypoxaemia connotes poor prognosis. We recommend that finger pulse oximeters, which are cost effective,should be routinely available at hospitals in developing countries, so that hypoxaemia can be detected earlier and more intensive management instituted