Características y factores asociados al maltrato percibido en internos de medicina en Perú / Characteristics and associated factors with mistreatment perception in medical interns in Peru

RESUMEN

RESUMEN Objetivo: Determinar las características y factores asociados a la percepción de maltrato en internos de medicina del Perú. Materiales y métodos: Estudio multicéntrico, transversal y analítico. Se encuestaron a internos de medicina de dieciocho hospitales del Perú. Se aplicó una encuesta entre marzo y abril del 2016 que incluían características sociodemográficas y una escala que media la percepción de maltrato psicológico, físico y sexual. Se realizaron modelos lineales generalizados y se estimaron razones de prevalencia crudas y ajustadas (RPa) con intervalos de confianza al 95%. Resultados: Participaron 418 internos de medicina. El maltrato psicológico, físico y sexual percibido fue de 91,9%; 55,5% y 34%, respectivamente. Los factores asociados con el maltrato psicológico fueron proceder de una universidad privada (RPa1,07; IC95%1,01- 1,13), respecto al maltrato físico fueron la edad (RPa 1,08; IC95% 1,05-1,12), realizar internado en un hospital de la selva (RPa 1,27; IC95% 1,03-1,56) y en un hospital del Seguro Social (RPa0,66; IC95%0,44-0,94) y para el maltrato sexual el ser mujer (RPa1,52; IC95%1,15-2,01). Conclusiones: Existe una alta percepción de maltrato reportado por los internos de medicina siendo el psicológico el más frecuente. Existen diferencias en la percepción de maltrato psicológico y físico según el tipo de financiamiento de la universidad de procedencia y del hospital donde se realiza el internado. Una alta frecuencia de maltrato sexual fue reportada por mujeres luego de los tres primeros meses del internado hospitalario.

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT Objective: To determine the characteristics and factors associated with the perception of abuse in medicine interns of Peru. Material and Methods: This is a cross-sectional multicenter and analytical study. Medicine interns from eighteen Peruvian hospitals were interviewed. A survey was administered between March and April 2016, which included socio-demographic characteristics and a scale measuring psychological and physical abuse, as well as sexual harassment perception. Generalized linear models were used and crude and adjusted prevalence rates (aPR) were estimated, with 95% confidence intervals (CI). Results: 418 medical interns participated in the study. Psychological and physical abuses were perceived by 91,9% and 55,5% of the studied population. Sexual harassment was perceived by 34% of all interviewed interns. Associated factors with psychological abuse were studied in a private university (aPR 1.07; 95% CI 1.01-1.13). Factors associated with physical abuse were age (aPR 1.08; 95% IC 1.05-1.12), performing internship in an Amazonian area hospital (aPR 1,27; 95% CI 1,03-1,56), and in a Social Security Hospital (aPR 0,66; 95% CI 0,44-0,94); and for sexual harassment, being female was the main associated factor (aPR 1,52; 95% CI 1,15-2,01). Conclusions: There is a high perception of abuse experienced by medicine interns, being psychological abuse the most frequent condition. There are some differences in the perception of psychological and physical abuse, according to the medical school the interns come from, as well as with respect to the healthcare facility where internship is performed. A high frequency of sexual harassment was reported by female interns after three months of having started their training period.